Ixias pyrene verna   H.Druce,1874
Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Un. Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Un.
♂, 1994.03.07. Umphang, Tak, Thailand. ♀, 1994.03.29. Omkoi, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Un. Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Un.
♂, 1994.06.12. Umphang, Tak, Thailand. ♀, 1989.06.08. Mae Tha, Lamphun, Thailand.
Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Un. Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Un.
♂, 1983.01.16. Khao Soi Dao, Chanthaburi, Thailand. ♀, 1983.07.20. Khao Soi Dao, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up.
♂, 1987.02.01. Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, Thailand. ♂, 1987.04.15. Muang Chone, Ranong, Thailand. ♂, 1982.11.16. Khao Soi Dao, Chanthaburi, Thailand. ♂, 1986.11.05. Tone Sai WF., Phuket, Thailand.
Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Un. Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♀ Un.
♀, 1984.03.27. Muang Chone, Ranong, Thailand. ♀, 1994.11.29. Muang Chone, Ranong, Thailand.
Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Un.
♀, 1994.11.29. Muang Chone, Ranong, Thailand. ♂, 2006.10.08. Dong Tien, Bin Thuan, Vietnam.

f. fruhstorferi
Ixias pyrene verna f.fruhstorferi ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna f.fruhstorferi ♂ Un. Ixias pyrene verna f.fruhstorferi ♂ Up. Ixias pyrene verna f.fruhstorferi ♂ Up.
♂, 1996.03.25. Paksong, Cham Pasak, Laos. ♂, 1996.03.25. Paksong, Cham Pasak, Laos. ♂, 1996.03.29. Paksong, Cham Pasak, Laos.

ON : Ixias verna  H.Druce,1874
OD : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874(1):108, pl.16, figs.5,6.
TL : Nahconchaisee, Siam. (BMNH)


Distribution :
Myanmar (Dawnas, Tenasserim), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Langkawi, W.Malaysia (Kedah). 		Ixias pyrene verna map
Synonyms

Ixias pallida  Moore,[1879] : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(4):837.  TL. Moolai, Tenasserim. (BMNH)
Ixias citrina  Moore,[1879] : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(4):837.  TL. Houndurang source, Tenasserim. (BMNH)
Ixias pyrene salangana  Fruhstorfer,1910 : in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde. 9:159, pl.72c.  TL. Salang, Siam. (BMNH)
Ixias pyrene ♀f.annamitica  Fruhstorfer,1910 : in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde. 9:158.  TL. Annam. (BMNH)
Ixias pyrene fruhstorferi  Gabriel,1943 : Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B)12(5/6):61.  TL. S.Vietnam. (BMNH)

Type Materials Information

verna ; 1♂ 1♀, Type (red), Nahconchaisee, Siam. (BMNH. examined.)
citrina ; ♂, Type (red), Upper Tenasserim. (BMNH. examined.)
pallida ; ♂, Type (red), Moulmein. (BMNH. examined.)
salangana ; ♂, Type (red), Salanga. (BMNH. examined.)
annamitica ; ♀, Type (red), Jns. Bay. Miu., Jan. H.Fruhstorfer. (BMNH. examined.)
fruhstorferi ;
♂, Type HT (red), Rh15039. Phuc-Son, Annam. Nov.-Dez. H.Fruhstorfer. (BMNH. examined.)
♀, Type AT (red), Rh15040. Phuc-Son, Annam. Nov.-Dez. H.Fruhstorfer. (BMNH. examined.)

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Ixias pyrene verna ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 158. (Siam)
Ixias pyrene salangana ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 158. (Salang Is.)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Godfrey,1916 : 115.
Ixias pyrene verna ; Pendlebury,1923 : 27. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Khao Ram)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Godfrey,1927 : 120. (North)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Godfrey,1930 : 227-228. (all over)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Godfrey,1931 : 192. (Ko Tao)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Godfrey,1932a : 265. (Peninsular)
Ixias verna annamitica ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 71. (North)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Pinratana,1983 : 21, pl.16, fig.37,♂,♀. (Bangkok / Chachoengsao / Chonburi / Kanchanaburi / Phetchabun / Phetchaburi / Prae / Phan Nga / Nakhon Pathom / Prachuap Khiri Khan / Nonthaburi / Nakhon Ratchasima / Nakhon Sri Thammarat / Krabi / Phuket)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Nishimura,2000 : 179-181, figs.59(map),60b(♂genitalia), 35-36 verna Syntype♂(Up & Un), 37-38 verna Syntype♀(Up & Un), 39-40 citrina Syntype♂(Up & Un), 41-42 pallida Syntype♂(Up & Un), 45-46 salangana Syntype♂(Up & Un), 57(Individual variation). (Chiang Mai: San Sai ; Wang Lung / Lamphun: Doi Chang / Lampang: Mae Tha ; Mae Mo / Phrae: Wang Chin ; Namtok Mae Kam / Tak: Umphang / Phetchaburi: Padeng / Phang Nga: Kampuang ; Sa Nangmanora / Phuket: Namtok Kathu / Hat Yai: Namtok Ton Nga Chang / Satun: Thale Ban / Yala: Than To)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 46, fig.37♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 158, pl.51, fig.Pi39a,♂,♂,♂(Un),♀(wsf),[♀,♀(Un), ssp.yunnanensis],♀(dsf),♀(dsf),♀(dsf,Un). ([Chiang Mai: Chiang Dao] / Lamphun / Bangkok / Si Racha)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Les Day,2011- : Samui Butterflies, fig.♂(Un). (Koh Samui)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 153, fig.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Kradung / Wan Nam Khiewo / Doi Musso / Sai York Noi / Erawan WF / Kanchanaburi / Ratchaburi / Kaen Krachan / Hua Hin / Key Rap Nam / Ka Chong / Haadjai / Tan To WF)

[ LAOS ]
Ixias pyrene f.verna ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1921 : 21. (Laos)
Ixias pyrene f.moulmeinesis ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1921 : 21. (Laos)
Ixias pyrene f.latifasciata ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1921 : 21. (Laos)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : pl.24, figs.5♂,6♂(Un),7♀,8♀(Un). Illust only.
Ixias pyrene verna ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 202, pl.36, figs.♂,♂,♀,♀,♀. (Thakhek / Nhahin / Lak Sao)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Nishimura,2000 : 179-181, figs.59(map). (Vientiane: Ban Nakha / Bolikhamsai: Lak Sao)
Intermediates between latifasciata and verna ; Nishimura,2000 : 181, fig.58. (Kham Muan: Ban Lao ; Nakai / Cham Pasak: Ban Baitiang ; Namtok Wairushi ; Huai Nam Chang)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 39. (Namdhua / Thabeng / Thakhek / Nhahin / Nakai)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Onodera,2009b : 34-35,37,41,42. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside / Houaphan: Phu Phan / Khammouan: Nacay / Bolikhamxai: Phon Si)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Ixias verna ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1919 : 219. (Cambodge)
Ixias pyrene f.verna ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1921 : 21. (Cambodge)
Ixias pyrene ; Onodera,2009 : 62. (Mondolkiri: Sen Monorom)

[ VIETNAM ]
Ixias pyrene ♀f.annamitica ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 158. (Annam)
Ixias annamitica ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1919 : 219. (Annam)
Ixias pyrene f.annamitica ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1921 : 21. (Annam)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (Central)
Ixias pyrene annamitica f.♀annamitica ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (Central)
[ Ixias pyrene tonkiniana ; Metaye,1958b : 175. (Ben Nom ; Trang Bom ; Dinh Quan, Dong Nai) ]
Ixias pyrene verna ; Nishimura,2000 : 179-181, figs.59(map), 23-24 fruhstorferi Holotype♂(Up & Un), 25-26 fruhstorferi Allotype♀(Up& Un), 43-44 annamitica Syntype♀(Up & Un). (Khanh Hoa: Nha Trang, Sui Hiep / Nha Trang, Phu Huu)
Ixias pyrene ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 39. (Thua Thien Hue: A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 11, fig.Pi-19♂. (Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Ixias pyrene verna ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2007c : 37, fig.Pi-19♀. (Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
 Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep.       1987.02.01   1♂       A.Wakaumi (YI)
 Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai.       1984.03.16       1♀   Local Catcher (YI)
 Chiang Mai, Omkoi.            1994.03.29       1♀   Local Catcher (YI)
 Chiang Mai, Omkoi.            1994.04.04   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Lamphun, Mae Tha.             1989.06.08       1♀   Local Catcher (YI)
 Lamphun, Mae Tha.             1989.07.10       1♀   Local Catcher (YI)
 Tak, Umphang.                 1994.03.07   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Tak, Umphang.                 1994.03.18   2♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Tak, Umphang.                 1994.03.19       1♀   Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Tak, Umphang.                 1994.06.12   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Tak, Umphang.                 1994.06.14   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Kanchanaburi, Sai Yok Noi.    1984.03.19   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Kanchanaburi, Sai Yok Noi.    1984.03.20   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao.    1983.01.16   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao.    1984.03.05   2♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao.    1983.03.11   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao.    1983.07.20       1♀   Local Catcher (YI)
 Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao.    1982.11.16   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao.    1983.11.16   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao.    1982.12.07   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao.    1983.12.11   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao.    1983.12.14   1♂       Local Catcher (YI)
 Thonburi, Bangkok.            1983.03.13   2♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Phetchaburi, Kaeng Kra Chan.  1993.03.19   1♂       P.Sukkit (YI)
 Ranong, Bo Nam Ron.           1983.04.17   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Ranong, Muang Chone.          1994.01.08   1♂       S.Ruangrit (YI)
 Ranong, Muang Chone.          1984.03.27       1♀   Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Ranong, Muang Chone.          1984.03.28   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Ranong, Muang Chone.          1988.03.30   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Ranong, Muang Chone.          1988.03.31   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Ranong, Muang Chone.          1987.04.15   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Ranong, Muang Chone.          1994.11.26   1♂       S.Ruangrit (YI)
 Ranong, Muang Chone.          1994.11.29       1♀   S.Ruangrit (YI)
 Phuket, Tone Sai Waterfall.   1986.11.05   1♂       A.M.Cotton (YI)
 Satun, Ko Tarutao.            1987.03.14   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Satun, Ko Tarutao.            1987.03.15   2♂ 1♀   Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Satun, Ko Tarutao.            1987.03.17   3♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)

[ LAOS ]
 Cham Pasak, Pakse.            1996.03.23   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Cham Pasak, Paksong.          1996.03.25   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI)
 Cham Pasak, Paksong.          1996.03.25   2♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI) / f.fruhstorferi
 Cham Pasak, Paksong.          1996.03.29   1♂       Y.Inayoshi (YI) / f.fruhstorferi

[ CAMBODIA ]
 Pnon Penh.                                 2♂       (BMNH)

[ VIETNAM ]
 Bin Thuan, Dong Tien.         2006.10.08   2♂       K.Saito (KS)
 Bin Thuan, Dong Tien.         2006.10.08   1♂       K.Saito (YI)
Notes
Literature

Druce, H.,1874 : A List of the Lepidopterous Insects collected by Mr. L. Layard at Chentaboon and Nahconchaisee, Siam,
with Descriptions of new Species.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874(1):102-109, pl.16, 6 figs.

Moore, F.,[1879] :
A list of the lepidopterous insects collected by Mr.Ossian Limborg in upper Tenasserim, with descriptions of new species.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(4):821-859, 3 pls.

Gabriel, A.G.,1943 : A revision of the genus Ixias Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae).
Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B)12(5/6):55-70.
Ixias pyrene verna ♂ Ixias pyrene verna ♂
♂, 2012.07.09. Chiang Mai. ( photo by M.Sugiyama )
Ixias pyrene verna ♀
♀, 2012.07.26. Chiang Mai. ( photo by M.Sugiyama )
1996.10.31 - 2012.08.31.