Graphium megarus megapenthes
(Fruhstorfer, 1902)
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♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
♀, Yala, Thailand. |
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♂, Cham Pasak, Laos. |
♀, Dong Nai, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton) |
♂ genitalia, Phetchaburi, Thailand. |
ON :
Papilio meagrus [sic] megapenthes Fruhstorfer, 1902
OD : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 15(1):161.
TL : Süd-Annam. (NHML)
Distribution : Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Hainan, China, Langkawi, W.Malaysia (North), Sumatra.
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Synonyms
Papilio similis Lathy, 1899 : Entomologist 32:149. TL. Perak, [W.Malaysia]. (homonym)
Papilio megarus mendicus Fruhstorfer, 1902 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 15(1):162. TL. Muok-Lek ; Kanburi, Siam. (NHML)
Papilio megarus martinus Fruhstorfer, 1902 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 15(1):162-163. TL. Deli, Sumatra. (NHML)
Type Materials Information
similis ; ♂, Type (red), #149408, Larut, Perak, Mal. H.Kunstler (NHML, examined)
megapenthes ;
♂, Type (red), #149406, Februar. Xom-Gom, Sud-Annam, H.Fruhstorfer (NHML, examined)
♀, Type (red), #149407, Februar. Xom-Gom, Sud-Annam, H.Fruhstorfer (NHML, examined)
martinus ; ♂, Type, Deli, Sumatra. (NHML, examined)
mendicus ;
♂, Type (red), #149404, Januar. Muok-Lek, 1000', Siam, H.Fruhstofer (NHML, examined)
'♀, Type (red), #149405, Januar. Hinlap, Siam, H.Fruhstofer' (NHML, examined) [This specimen belongs to Graphium macareus.]
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Papilio megarus mendicus ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 229-230. (Muok-Lek; Kanburi)
Papilio megarus similis ; Godfrey,1916 : 113.
Papilio megarus similis ; Godfrey,1927 : 120. (N)
Papilio megarus similis ; Godfrey,1930 : 220. (all over)
Papilio megarus similis ; Godfrey,1932a : 264. (P)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Pinratana,1977 : 62, figs.P54,♂,♂(Un). (all over)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 34,45, pl.62, figs.52,♂,♀. (Chaiyaphum; Chanthaburi; Phetchaburi; Songkhla; Trang)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 16, fig.39,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huay Sing; Ban Na Lak; Ban Gok Tum; Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Na Pho Krang; Kaeng Tana; Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Kaeng E-Keow; Phu Hin Dang)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 46. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Mu)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; RDPB & DNP,2006-2008 : Butterflies in Hala-Bala Forest, fig.[♀](Un). (Narathiwat: Hala Bala) (last update: 2006.12.31 ; accessed: 2024.04.10)
Paranticopsis megarus megapenthes ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 116, pl.30, figs.P60,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Ranong)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.[♂],[♂](Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2022.02.10)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 136, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Sarika; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Khao Khiwo; Sai York Noi; Kaeng Krachan; Ka Chong; Haadjai; Tarutao Is; Than To WF.)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 116, pl.30, figs.P57,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Ranong)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Phitsanulok; Khon Kaen; Sa Kaeo; Nakhon Ratchasima; Chanthaburi; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2024.04.08)
Arisbe megarus megapenthes ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 168, fig.Abb.Pa-136-137. (Phang Nga)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 87. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
[ LAOS ]
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 48, pl.13, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un) ; pl.14, figs.1,♀,2,♀(Un). (Pakse; Luang Prabang; Tha Ngone)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 201, pl.25, figs.♂,♀,♀. (Thabok; Thateng)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 308. (Thabok; Hinboun)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 41.
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Onodera,2022 : 10, pl.49, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Thabok; Savannakhet)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs.♀,♀(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Graphium megarus ; Onodera,2008 : 59,figs.♂,♂(Un).
Graphium megarus ; Onodera,2009 : 38. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Kosterin,2019 : 89. (Preah Sihanouk)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 113. (Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk; Pursat; Siem Reap)
[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio megarus megapenthes ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 229-230. (Tonkin: Than-Moi / S.Annam: Xom-Gom)
Papilio megarus similis ; Jordan,1909 : 106. (Tonkin)
Papilio megarus similis ; Metaye,1957 : 84. (N)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 17, figs.5:10,♂,10:19(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Luong et al.,2004 : 1, 28, figs.♂[♀],♂[♀](Un),♀[♂]. (Cuc Phuong)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2007c : 37, figs.Pa-41,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Madagui; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Graphium megarus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Huong Thuy)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 88-89, pl.27, figs.3a♂,3b♂(Un),3c♂. (throughout the country)
Graphium megarus megapenthes ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 14. (N / C / S)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 2♂ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phrae : 2♂ (photo by E.Ikari).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nan : 1♂ (photo by A.Giudici).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 3♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 4♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chanthaburi : 9♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchaburi : 2♂ (incl. photo by T.Aoyama).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Yala : 1♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Bolikhamxai : 22♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Khammouan : 1♂ 2♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Champasak : 7♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Dong Nai : 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 20 - 900m).
Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
The single female syntype of mendicus in NHML clearly belongs to Graphium macareus.
Literature
Lathy, P.I.,1899 :
Notes on the Indo-Australian Papilios in the collection of Mr. H.J.Adams, F.E.S., with descriptions of new species.
Entomologist 32:147-149.
Fruhstorfer, H.,1902 : Neue Papilio-Formen aus dem Indo-Malayischen Gebiet.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 15(1):161-168.
Fruhstorfer, H.,1903 : Verzeichnis der in Tonkin, Annam und Siam gesammelten Papilioniden und Besprechung verwandter Formen.
Berl. ent. Z. 47:167-234.
Jordan, K.,1909 : Die Indo-Australische Tagfalter. Papilionidae in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde
9:105-112.
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| ♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. |
♀, Bolikhamxai, Laos. (photo by K.Phongpiyamit) |
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| ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
