♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♀, Trat, Thailand.
♂, Vientiane, Laos.		♀, Houaphan, Laos. (photo by K.Saito)
♀, Bolikhamxai, Laos. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♂ genitalia, Bolikhamxai, Laos.

ON : Papilio arycles Boisduval, 1836 OD : Spec. gén. Lépid. 1:231-232. TL : 'Java ou de Sumatra' ['Annam, Cochinchina or Camboja'] Distribution : S.E & E.Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam. [? Manipur ; Myanmar] ● ssp.arycles ● ssp.rama

Papilio arycles sphinx Fruhstorfer, 1899 : Soc. ent. 14(7):49. TL."not stated" [Indochina]. (♂, NHML)
Papilio arycles arycleoides Fruhstorfer, 1902 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 14(2):344. TL. Muok-Lek, Siam. (♂, NHML)
Graphium arycles masal Koçak & Kemal, 2000 : Cent. ent. Stud. Misc. 71:5. (Unneccessary replacement name for Papilio arycles sphinx)
Arisbe arycles occidentalis Page & Treadaway, 2014 : Stutt. Beit. Natur. Serie A, Neue Ser. 7:277-278, figs.27(HT,♂),28(HT,♂Un). TL. 'Chiang Mai', Thailand.

arycles ; '♂, Type (red), #149417.' (NHML, examined) [This is not a true type specimen.]
sphinx ; ♂, Paratype (yellow), Indochina. H.Fruhstorfer (NHML, examined)
'♂, Type HT (red), #149418, Indochina. H.Fruhstorfer' (NHML, examined) ; '♀ Type, Tay-Ninh, Cochinchina. Fruhstorfer' (NHML, examined) [These are not type specimens.]
arycleoides ; ♂, Type HT (red), #149416, Muok-Lek, Siam. Januar. Fruhstorfer (NHML, examined)
occidentalis ;
Holotype ♂, May.1966. Chiang Mai, Thailand (SMF).
Paratypes : 2♂, May.1966. Chiang Mai, Thailand. (CGT) ; 1♂, S.Myanmar (MGP) ; 1♂, Manipur, N.E.India. (MGP)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio arycles arycleoides ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 220-221. (Muok-Lek)
Papilio arycles arycleoides ; Jordan,1909 : 102. (Muok Lek)
Papilio arycles arycleoides ; Godfrey,1916 : 112. (Nong Khor)
Papilio arycles arycleoides ; Godfrey,1930 : 218-219. (Muak Lek; Chonburi: Sriracha)
Graphium arycles arycleoides ; Pinratana,1977 : 59, figs.P49a♀,♂(Un). (Wangtrakrai; Chonburi: Sriracha)
Graphium arycles arycleoides ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 37,46, pl.68, figs.61b♂,♂(Un). (Chanthaburi; Chonburi; Nakhon Ratchasima)
Graphium arycles arycleoides ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 251, fig.43,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu)
Graphium arycles arycleoides ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 16. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Ubon Ratchathani: Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Kaeng E-Keow; Phu Hin Dang)
Graphium arycles arycleoides ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 46. (Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Chong Na Yoi; Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Hin Khan)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 122, pl.33, figs.P70b♂,♂(Un),♂(Un). (Chanthaburi)
Graphium arycles arycleoides ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 139, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Saraburi; Wan Nam Khiewo; Khao Khiewo; Khlong Tariew)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 120, pl.33, figs.P67b♂,♂(Un),♂(Un). (Chanthaburi; Pang Sida)
Arisbe arycles arycles ; Page & Treadaway,2014 : 276. (E)
Arisbe arycles arycleoides ; Page & Treadaway,2014 : 277. (Chanthaburi)
Arisbe arycles occidentalis ; Page & Treadaway,2014 : 277-228, figs.27(HT,♂),28(HT,♂Un). ('Chiang Mai')
Graphium arycles arycles ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2023.05.18)

[ LAOS ]
Papilio arycles f. arycles ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 16. (Laos)
Graphium arycles arycleoides ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 47, pl.10, figs.5,♂,6,♂(Un). (Vientiane; Tha Ngone; Nam Ngum Dam)
Graphium arycles arycleoides ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 201, pl.27, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀. (Thabok; Phong Si)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 309-310. (Thabok; Hinboun; Lak Sao)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Onodera,2009b : 39-40. (Bolikhamxai: Thabok; Khammouan: Thakhek)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 42.
Arisbe arycles arycles ; Page & Treadaway,2014 : 276. (Laos)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Onodera,2022 : 11, pl.55, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Thabok; Keng Sa Doc)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Graphium arycles ; Onodera,2008 : 59, figs.♂,♂(Un).
Graphium arycles ; Onodera,2009 : 37. (Kratie: Snoul)
Arisbe arycles arycles ; Page & Treadaway,2014 : 276. (Cambodia)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Kosterin,2019 : 89. (Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Kosterin,2020 : 312. (Siem Reap)
Graphium arycles arycles ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 113. (Battambang; Kratie; Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio arycles sphinx ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 220-221. (Tonkin ?)
Papilio arycles ; Dubois & Vitalis,1914 : 151. (Annam: Hue)
Papilio arycles f. arycles ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 16. (Annam: Hue)
Papilio arycles arycles ; Metaye,1957 : 84. (C)
Graphium arycles ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Graphium arycles arycleoides ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 84-85, pl.26, fig.4,♂. (C: Bach Ma; Phong Dien; Nam Dong; Huong Thuy / S: Lo Go Sa Mat; Saigon)
Graphium arycles arycles ; Nihira,2009 : 97, fig.♂. (Phu Quoc)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 20, figs.Pa-44,♂,♀. (Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Arisbe arycles arycles ; Page & Treadaway,2014 : 276. (S)
Graphium arycles sphinx ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 14. (C / S)

[ THAILAND ]
Mukdahan : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Si Saket : 1♂ (photo by A.Giudici).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sa Kaeo : 2♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nakhon Nayok : 2♂ (photo by T.Aoyama).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 6♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trat : 1♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Vientiane : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bolikhamxai : 50♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Khammouan : 15♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Houaphan : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

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Apr

May

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Dec

The butterfly is not rare in montane forests at low elevations (Alt. 10 - 350m). Both sexes visit flowers. Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
Page & Treadaway,2014 considered the type locality of arycles as Annam, Cochinchina or Cambodia. I agree with their treatment, considering the pattern of red markings on the UnH in the original description as the decisive basis.
Page & Treadaway,2014 separated continental populations to 3 subspecies such as arycles, arycleoides and occidentalis. However these are considered variations and cannot be clearly separated. The type locality of ssp.occidentalis is 'Chiang Mai'. But, as far as we know, it has never been found in Chiang Mai province or anywhere in N.W.Thailand until now. Furthermore, according to Treadaway, these specimens were bought from an insect dealer in Chiang Mai and were not collected by himself. It is most likely to be an erroneous locality, possibly from S.E.Thailand (Chanthaburi etc.).
Kimura assigned 'Khlong Tariew' to Kanchanaburi, W.Thailand, however this location name is in Chanthaburi, S.E.Thailand and there is no place in Kanchanaburi with this name. After reviewing various circumstantial evidence, including other species recorded at the same locality, we consider that this is definitely Chanthaburi in S.E.Thailand, not Kanchanaburi in W.Thailand. Further distributional research is needed.
The taxon sphinx is based on a single aberrant form in which the UnH red spots are replaced by yellow. There are several "type specimens" in the NHML. The male type (HT) and female type have red spots and are cannot be type specimens. The male paratype (yellow) has yellow spots as described in the original description. Thus this specimen may be the true type specimen.

The difference between ssp.arycles and ssp.rama.
arycles UnH, Trat, Thailand.	rama UnH, Yala, Thailand.

Boisduval, J.B.A.,1836 : In Roret's "Suite a Buffon", Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Species général de Lépidoptéres. 1.
Paris, Libr. Encycl. de Roret 8vo:[4]+xii+690+6pp, 24 pls.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1899 : Drei neue Papilios.
Soc. ent. 14(7):49.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1902 : Neue Indo-Australische Lepidopteren.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 14(2):334-350.

Jordan, K.,1909 : Die Indo-Australische Tagfalter. Papilionidae in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde
9:97-104.

Koçak, A.O. & Kemal, M.,2000: Sergi Asiye ve Pasipiktiki bezi taksonlar heqqide nomenklatur hatiriliri (Papilionidae, Lepidoptera).
Cent. ent. Stud. Misc. 71:1-6, 11.

Page, M.G.P. & Treadaway, C.G.,2014 : Revisional notes on the Arisbe eurypylus species group (Lepidoptera: Papilionidea: Papilionidae)
Stutt. Beit. Natur. Serie A, Neue Ser. 7:253-284.

♂, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.	♂, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.
♂, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)	♂ (with doson, eurypylus), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)

1996.10.08 - 2024.02.29.