♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.
♂, Ranong, Thailand.		♀, Ranong, Thailand.
♂, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♂, Tak, Thailand.	♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Attapeu, Laos. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♂ genitalia, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.

ON : Papilio chiron var. chironides Honrath, 1884 OD : Berl. ent. Z. 28:397, pl.10, fig.4. TL : Darjeeling, Sikkim. Distribution : Nepal, India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Yunnan. ● ssp.chironides ● ssp.malayanum

Papilio chiron Wallace, 1865 : Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. 25(1):66. TL. Assam, Sylhet. (homonym)
Papilio bathycles chiron f.vern. ligyra Jordan, 1909 : in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9:100. (IFS)
Graphium clanis chironicum Eliot,1982 : Malay. Nat. J. 35:180. (unnecessary replacement name)
Arisbe chironides punctatus Page & Treadaway,2014 : Stutt. Beit. Natur. Serie A, Neue Ser. 7:279-280, figs.36(HT,♂),37(PT,♀),38(PT,♂),39(PT,♂). TL. Mt.Phupien Kaxieng, Danchung [Dak Cheung], Xekong, Laos. (SMF)

ligyra ; ♂, Type (red), Sikkim, Marz.April. H.Fruhstorfer. (NHML, examined)
punctatus ;
Holotype ♂, 1-10.Jun.2007. Mt.Phupien Kaxieng, Danchung [Dak Cheung], Xekong, Laos. R.Westphal (SMF)
Paratypes : 5♂ 2♀, same data as holotype. (M.G.Page) ;
2♂, Phrae, Thailand. (M.G.Page) ; 5♂, Ya Mo Kwi, Umphang, Tak, Thailand. (M.G.Page) ; 3♂ 1♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (M.G.Page) ;
1♂, Khao Soi Dao, Chanthaburi, Thailand. (M.G.Page) ; 2♂, Dak Lak, Vietnam. (M.G.Page)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio bathycles ; Godfrey,1916 : 112. (record from Bingham, Faun. Fr. Ind. Butts. 2:108)
Papilio bathycles chiron : Godfrey,1927 : 120. (N)
Papilio bathycles chiron : Godfrey,1930 : 218. (Prae; Chiang Rai; Chiang Mai; Me Lamoung)
Graphium bathycles chiron ; Pinratana,1977 : 58, figs.P47a♂,♂(Un). (except P)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 36,46, pl.67, figs.59,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Phetchaburi)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 120, pl.33, figs.P68,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Kanchanaburi; Chanthaburi; Ranong)
Graphium chironides malayanum ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 120, pl.33, figs.P68,♂,♂(Un). (Phang-nga; 'Than To' [loc.err.])
Graphium chironides chironides ; Racheli & Cotton,2009 : 41. (Thailand)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 139, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Khun Lao Village; Maethro; Phu Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Thung Yai)
Graphium chironides malayanum ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 139."
Graphium chironides chironides ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 120, pl.33, figs.P65,♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Kanchanaburi; Chanthaburi; Phangnga; 'Than To' [loc.err.])
Arisbe chironides punctatus ; Page & Treadaway,2014 : 279-280, fig.39(PT,♂). (Phrae; Tak; Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi)
Graphium chironides chironides ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2023.05.18)

[ LAOS ]
Graphium chiron ssp. ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 47, pl.10, figs.3,♂,4,♂(Un). (Vang Vieng)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 201, pl.27, figs.♂(dsf),♂(dsf,Un),♂. (Lak Sao; Phong Saly)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 310-311. (accross the country)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Racheli & Cotton,2009 : 41. (Laos)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Onodera,2009b : 41. (Khammouan: Nacay)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 42.
Arisbe chironides punctatus ; Page & Treadaway,2014 : 279-280, fig.36(HT,♂),37(PT,♀),38(PT,♂). (Xekong)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Onodera,2022 : 11, pl.53, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Thabok)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio bathycles chiron ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 207-208. (Tonkin: Chiem Hoa / Annam: Xom Gom)
Papilio bathycles chiron ; Jordan,1909 : 100. (Tonkin / Annam)
Papilio bathycles chiron f.vern.ligyra ; Metaye,1957 : 84. (N / C / S)
Papilio bathycles chiron f.aest.chiron ; Metaye,1957 : 84. (N / C / S)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 17, figs.5:3,♂, 9:16(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Shinkai,1999 : 63. (N: Tam Dao / S: Bao Lac)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Luong et al.,2004 : 1, 28, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 10, fig.Pa-30,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Graphium chironides ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 83-84, pl.26, figs.2a♂,2b♂(Un). (N: Tam Dao; Ba Be; Cuc Phuong / C: Xuang Lien; Pu Mat; Vu Quang; Ke Bang; Bach Ma; Nam Dong; Ngoc Linh; Kon Cha Rang; Bao Loc / S: Cat Tien)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Racheli & Cotton,2009 : 41. (Vietnam)
Arisbe chironides punctatus ; Page & Treadaway,2014 : 279-280. (Dak Lak)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 14. (N / C / S)
Graphium chironides chironides ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 39. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 3♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 23♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 4♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 4♂ (photo by T.Aoyama).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chaiyaphum : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 12♂ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchaburi : 6♂ (photo by M.Hayashi and T.Aoyama).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Bolikhamxai : 30♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Khammouan : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Attapeu : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Vinh Phuc : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lam Dong : 5♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 200 - 1300m). Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
Page & Treadaway,2014 treated the populations from Laos, Thailand and Vietnam as ssp.punctatus. However, they are quite variable and more subject to seasonal and individual variation than to geographic variation, and cannot be clearly separated from the nominotypical subspecies.
Ek-Amnuay,[2007] recorded Graphium chironides malayanum from 'Phang-nga' and 'Than To', but the figured specimen is ssp.chironides. The data of 'Yala' is considered to be incorrect location or misidentification of Graphium bathycles.

Wallace, A.R.,1865 :
On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidae of the Malayan Region.
Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. 25(1):1-71, pls.1-8.

Honrath, E.G.,1884 : Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Rhopalocera.
Berl. ent. Z. 28:395-398, pl.10.

Jordan, K.,1909 : Die Indo-Australische Tagfalter. Papilionidae in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde
9:97-104.

Eliot, J.N.,1982 : On three swallowtail butterflies from Peninsular Malayasia
Malayan Nat. J. 35:179-182.

Eliot, J.N.,1983 : Graphium clanis (Jordan): a correction
Malay. Nat. J. 36:283-284.

Page, M.G.P. & Treadaway, C.G.,2014 : Revisional notes on the Arisbe eurypylus species group (Lepidoptera: Papilionidea: Papilionidae)
Stutt. Beit. Natur. Serie A, Neue Ser. 7:253-284.

Hu, S.J, Cotton, A.M., Lamas, G, Duan, K. & Zhang, X.,2023 : Checklist of Yunnan Papilionidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidea) with nomenclatural notes and descriptions of new subspecies
Zootaxa 5362(1):001-069.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Phetchaburi, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)	♂ with sarpedon and doson, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1996.10.08 - 2023.11.30.