♂(f.semifasciatus), Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)
♂, Lao Cai, Vietnam.		♂, Bolikhamxai, Laos. (photo by A.M.Cotton)
♂(dsf,ab.), Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♂, Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)
♂(f.semifasciatus), Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♂ valva, Ha Giang, Vietnam.

ON : Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, 1758 OD : Syst. nat. (ed. 10) 1:461. TL : "Asia" [Guangdong, China]. Distribution : Laos, N.Vietnam, S.China. ● ssp.luctatius ● ssp.sarpedon ● ssp.islander

Papilio protensor Gistel, 1857 : Vacuna 2(2):602. TL. "China ; Java"
Papilio sarpedon var. semifasciatus Honrath, 1888 : Ent. Nachr. 14:161. TL. "Kiukiang" [Jiujiang, Jiangxi], China.
Papilio sarpedon melas Fruhstorfer, 1907 : Ent. Zeit. 21(30):183. TL. Tonkin. (partim) (homonym)
Papilio sarpedon corbeti Toxopeus, 1951 : Idea 8(3/4):63. (replacement name for Papilio sarpedon melas)

semifasciatus ; ♂, Type (red), S.C.China. (NHML, examined)
melas ; ♂, Type, #149392, Aug.-Sep. Chiem-Hoa, C.Tonkin. Fruhstorfer. (NHML, examined)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio sarpedon sarpedon ; Jordan,1909 : 95. (Tonkin)
Graphium sarpedon luctatius ; Shinkai,1999 : 62. (N: Tam Dao) (in part)

[ LAOS ]
Bolikhamxai : 4♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Khammouan : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Houaphan : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lao Cai : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ha Giang : 5♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Vinh Phuc : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

This taxon has distinct seasonal forms and f.semifasciatus with a reduced hindwing band, not found in other subspecies. The dry season form is indistinguishable from ssp.luctatius. The wet season form: discal blue band on the upperside is narrower, especially on the UpH. The most distinctive feature is the darkened vein of the hindwing lower cell, clearly breaking up the discal blue band.
The populations in N.Vietnam are generally considered as the nominotypical subspecies, however individuals intermediate to ssp.luctatius are found occasionally. The syntype specimen of melas from N.Vietnam appears to belong to this intermediate form. In Laos and Yunnan, both ssp.sarpedon, luctatius and intermediate individuals often occur together and are thought to be a transition zone. Further taxonomic study and distributional research are needed.

Linnaeus, C.,1758 : Systema naturae per regna tria naturae,secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis.
Holmiae, Laurentil Salvii. (Edition 10). 1(Animalia):[iv]+824pp.

Gistel, J.,1857: Achthundert und zwanzig neue oder unbeschriebene wirbellose Theire charakterisirt von Doctor Johannes Gistel.
Vacuna 2(2):513-606.

Honrath, E.G.,1888 : Zwel neus Tagfalter-Varietaten aus Kiukiang (China).
Ent. Nachr. 14:161.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1907 : Neue Papilio-Rassen aus dem indo-australischen Gebiet.
Ent. Zeit. 21(30):182-184.

Jordan, K.,1909 : Die Indo-Australische Tagfalter. Papilionidae in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde
9:89-96.

Corbet, A.S.,1949 : The Linnaean Names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Part 7. Summary of Determinations.
Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond (B)18(9-10):191-199.

Toxopeus, L.J.,1951 : On the collecting localities of some Linnaean types (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera)
Idea, 8 (3/4), 53–74.

Page, M.G.P. & Treadaway, C.G.,2013 : Speciation in Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus) and allies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Papilionidae)
Stutt. Beit. Natur. Serie A, Neue Ser. 6:223-246.

1996.10.06 - 2023.11.30.