Papilio bianor bianor

Papilio bianor bianor Cramer, 1777


♂ (dsf), Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♀ (dsf), Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)

♂ (wsf), Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♀ (wsf), Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)

♂ (wsf), Lao Cai, Vietnam.		♀ (wsf), Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)

♂ (wsf), Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♀ (wsf), Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)

ON : Papilio bianor Cramer, 1777
OD : Uitl. Kapellen 2(9-16):10, pl.103, fig.C♀.
TL : "China" [Guangdong, China].

Distribution : N.Vietnam, S.China.

	● ssp.bianor
	● ssp.triumphator
	● ssp.stockleyi
	● ssp.pinratanai

Synonyms

Papilio bianor gladiator Fruhstorfer, 1902 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 14(2):270-271. TL. "Chiem-Hoa" [Chiem Hoa, N.Vietnam]. (NHML)
Papilio bianor bianor ab. majalis Seitz, 1907 : Gross-Schmett. Erde. 1(1):10, pl.3c, fig.[2,♂]. TL. "Kwang-Tung (z. B. auf Hongkong)" [Guangdong, China, near Hong Kong]. (IFS)
Papilio polyctor titus Fruhstorfer, 1909 : Ent. Zeit. 22(41):167. TL. "Chiem-Hoa, Tonkin" [Chiem Hoa, N.Vietnam]. (NHML)
Papilio elegans Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000 : Entomotaxonomia 22(4):266, 273, figs.1(HT,♀),2(HT,♀Un). TL. Lushan, Sichuan. (♀, Entomological Museum, NWAFU, China) (homonym)
Papilio pulcher Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000 : Entomotaxonomia 22(4):266, 273, figs.3(HT,♀),4(HT,♀Un). TL. Lushan, Sichuan. (♀, Entomological Museum, NWAFU, China)
Papilio longimacula Wang & Niu, 2002 : Entomotaxonomia 24(4):276, 283, figs.3(HT,♂),4(HT,♂Un),18–20(♂ genitalia). TL. Luoshan, Henan. (♂, HNU, China)
Achillides polyctor simoni Sturm, 2006 : Notes on Papilionidae 4:3, 12. figs.1(HT,♂),2(HT,♂Un),3(AT,♀),4(AT,♀Un),5(PT,♂),6(PT,♂). TL. "China, Sichuan, Mt. Quiong-Lai" [Qionglai Shan, Sichuan, China].

Type Materials Information

gladiator ; ♂, Type (red), #149640, Aug.Sept. Chiem-Hoa, Central Tonkin. H.Fruhstorfer (NHML, examined)
titus ; ♂, Type (red), Aug.Sept. Chiem-Hoa, Central Tonkin, H.Fruhstorfer (NHML, examined)
elegans ; Holotype ♀, 1996. Luchan, Sichuan. Binghong (Entomological Museum, NWAFU, China)
pulcher ; Holotype ♀, Luchan, Sichuan. M.Guoquan (Entomological Museum, NWAFU, China)
longimacula ; Holotype ♂, 30-Aug.1994. Luoshan, Henan. X.Zhang. (HNU, China)
simoni ; Holotype ♂, Jun.2005. China, Sichuan, Mt. Quiong-Lai. (in coll.R.Sturm, Rain)
Allotype ♀, Jun.2005. China, Sichuan, Mt. Quiong-Lai. (in coll.R.Sturm, Rain) ; Paratypes : 15♂ 7♀, Jun.- Oct.2005. same locality as holotype and allotype.

Records taken from Literature

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio bianor ; Joannis,1901 : 333. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Papilio bianor gladiator ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 184-185. (Tonkin: Chiem-Hoa)
Papilio polyctor triumphator ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 185-186. (Tonkin: Chiem-Hoa)
Papilio bianor ab. gladiator ; Jordan,1909 : 78. (Tonkin)
Papilio polyctor triumphator ; Jordan,1909 : 79. (Tonkin)
Papilio polyctor f. triumphator ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 14. (Tonkin)
Papilio bianor f. gladiator ; Lemée,1950 : 4. (Hagiang)
Papilio bianor gladiator ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (N)
Papilio polyctor triumphator ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (N)
Papilio polyctor ganesa ; Nishimura,1997 : 55, figs.2,(ST of gladiator,♂),3(ST of gladiator,♂Un),4,♂,5,♂. (Son La: Mai Chau; Ha Tuyen: Chiem Hoa)
Papilio bianor triumphator ; Shinkai,1999 : 56. (N: Mt.Pia Oac ; Tam Dao)
Papilio bianor gladiator ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 67-69, pl.20, figs.a♂,b♂. (N: Hoang Lien; Than Moi; Ba Be; Dong Phuoc; Na Hang; Chiem Hoa; Tam Dao; Kim Hy) (in part)
Papilio bianor gladiator ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 13. (N) (in part)

Specimens Examined

[ VIETNAM ]
Lao Cai : 4♂ 3♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Ha Giang : 1♂ 2♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Vinh Phuc : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes

The butterfly is common in montane forests.
The population in N.Vietnam is generally ssp.bianor, however individuals similar or intermediate to ssp.triumphator frequently occur as Cotton et al.,2021 noted. The populations of E.Laos and southern part of N.Vietnam to C.Vietnam are also variable and intermediate individuals are occasionally seen. It seems a transition zone of both subspecies.

Literature

Cramer, P.,1777 ; De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America [Papillons Exotiques des Trois Parties du Monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique].
Vol.1. Amsterdam: S.J. Baalde/ Utrecht: B.Wild. 2(9-16):1-151, pl.97-192.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1902 : Neue und seltene Lepidopteren aus Annam und Tonkin und dem malayischen Archipel.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 14(2):265-276, pl.5.

Seitz, A.,1907–1909 : Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Band 1.
Verlag des Seisschen Werkes, Stuttgart, 379 pp., 89 pls.

Jordan, K.,1909 : Die Indo-Australische Tagfalter. Papilionidae in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde
9:73-80.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1909 : Lepidopterologisches Pele-Mele. XII. Neue Rhopaloceren von Formosa und den Nachbarlandern.
Ent. Zeit. 22(41):167.

Nishimura, M.,1997 : Notes on some Papilionidae from Indo-China region (3)
Tyô to Ga. 48(1):49-62. (in Japanese)

Chou I., Yuan, F. & Wang, Y.L.,2000 : New species, new subspecies, and new record of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) from China (II)
Entomotaxonomia 22(4):266-274.

Wang, Z.G. & Niu, Y.,2002 : New Species of Butterflies (Lepidoptera) from China, II.
Entomotaxonomia 24(4):276-284.

Sturm, R.,2006 : Beschreibung einer neuen Unterart von Achillides polyctor Boisduval, 1836. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Notes on Papilionidae 4:3, 12.

Cotton, A.M., Hu, S.J. & Inayoshi, Y.,2021 : Issues with Papilio bianor gladiator Fruhstorfer, [1902] and ganesa Doubleday,1842 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Butterflies 87:39-45.

2022.04.30 - 2023.11.30.