♂, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)
♂, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♂, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)

♂, Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♂, Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)

ON : Papilio bootes rubicundus Fruhstorfer, 1909 OD : Ent. Zeit. 22(42):176. TL : "Tsekou" [Yanmen, N.W.Yunnan]. (♂, NHML) Distribution : N.Vietnam, Yunnan (Lancang-Mekong and Yuanjiang-Red River watersheds). ● ssp.rubicundus ● ssp.xamnuensis

♂, Type (red), #149358, Tsekou. P.Dubernard. 1898. (NHML, examined.)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio bootes ; Shinkai,1999 : 54. (N: Mt.Pia Oac)
Papilio bootes bootes ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 64, pl.18, figs.1a♂,1b♂(Un),1c♂(f.rubicundus). (N: Ngai Tio; Hoang Lien; Van Ban; Pia Oac) (in part)
Papilio bootes bootes ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 13. (N) (in part)

[ VIETNAM ]
Tonkin ("Van Bu") : 1♂ (NHML).

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Lao Cai : 4♂ 1♀ (incl. NHML).

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Ha Giang : 2♂.

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The population from Lao Cai, N.W.Vietnam closely resembles the populations in W.Yunnan. The population from N. and N.E.Vietnam, Ha Giang to Cao Bang, have reduced white markings on the hindwing. and the specimen figured in Monastyrskii,2007 as f.rubicundus has no white spot. They are similar to ssp.nigricans in Sichuan. The white markings on the hindwings seem to reduce from west to east. It is unclear whether these are variations of the same subspecies or a different taxon. I tentatively treat them as ssp.rubicundus, however further taxonomic study with a large number of specimens is needed.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1909 : Neue asiatische Papilio-Rassen
Ent. Zeit. 22(42):175-176 ; (43):177-179.

Hu, S.J, Cotton, A.M., Lamas, G, Duan, K. & Zhang, X.,2023 : Checklist of Yunnan Papilionidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidea) with nomenclatural notes and descriptions of new subspecies
Zootaxa 5362(1):001-069.

2022.03.31 - 2023.11.30.