♂ (ds), Tak, Thailand.		♀ (ds), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (ws), Xaignabouri, Laos.		♀ (ws), Nan, Thailand.

ON : Papilio helenus  Linnaeus, 1758 OD : Syst.nat. (ed.10) 1:459. TL : "Asia" [Guangzhou, Guangdong, S.China]. Distribution : Nepal, India to Myanamr, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan, S.China, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Tioman, Singapore.

Papilio helenus ♂ab. rufatus Rothschild, 1895 : Novit. zool. 2(3):286. TL. India; Burma; Malacca; China. (IFS)
Papilio helenus aulus Fruhstorfer, 1908 : Ent. Wochenbl. 25:38. TL. Hainan. (NHML)
Papilio helenus ab. aurea Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912 : Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912(11):247. TL. "Cambodge, Pnom-Penh" [Phnom Penh, Cambodia]. (MNHN) (IFS)
Papilio helenus aspadantus Fruhstorfer, 1916 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)81(11):75. TL. Malayische Halbinsel. (NHML)

aulus ; ♂, Type (red), #149316, Hainan, Whitehead. (NHML, examined)
aspadantus ; ♂, Type (red), #149317, Malaka, H.Fruhstorfer (NHML, examined)
aurea ; Syntype 1♂, Pnom-Penh, Cambodge. (MNHN.)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio helenus helenus ; Godfrey,1916 : 110.
Papilio helenus helenus ; Pendlebury,1923 : 23-24. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Khao Luang; Tai Sai River)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Godfrey,1927 : 120. (N)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Godfrey,1930 : 212. (Prae; Muak Lek; Chonburi: Sriracha; Chiang Rai; Nakhon Sri Thammarat)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Godfrey,1932a : 264. (P)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Pinratana,1977 : 36, figs.P25,♂,♂(Un). (all over)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 22,42 pl.28, figs.25,♂,♀, pl.29, figs.25,♂(Un),♂(ab.Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Chanthaburi; Chonburi; Kanchanaburi; Nakhon Nayok; Ratchaburi; Ranong)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 46, fig.27,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Papilio helenus helenus ; RDPB & DNP,2006-2008 : Butterflies in Hala-Bala Forest, fig.[♀]. (Narathiwat: Hala Bala) (last update: 2006.12.28 ; accessed: 2024.04.10)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 78, pl.10, figs.P26,♂,♀. (Kanchanaburi)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.♂,♂[♀](Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2022.01.19)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 123, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon; Thung Saleng Luang; Nam Nao; Phu Khiewo; Khao Yai; Nakohn Nayork; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kratchin WF; Khao Khiewo; Doi Musso; Sai York Noi; Hua Hin; Muang Shone; Khlong Naka; Ka Chong; Than To WF.)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 78, pl.10, figs.P24,♂,♀. (Kanchanaburi)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 6. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Papilio helenus helenus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Phetchabun; Chaiyaphum; Kanchanaburi; Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Trat; Phetchaburi; Ranong; Nakhon Si Thammarat) (accessed: 2024.07.05)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 158-159, figs.Abb.Pa-082-085,194-205. (Phang Nga)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 87. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)

[ LAOS ]
Papilio helenus helenus ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 46 pl.5 figs.5,♂,6,♂(Un),7,♀,8,♀(Un). (everywhere)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 200, pl.11, figs.♂(dsf),♂(dsf,Un),♀(dsf). (Lak Sao; Nong Het)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 38. (Thabok; Nakai)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 349-350. (throughout Laos)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Onodera,2009b : 36-37. (Xieng Kouang: Nam Noen)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 41.
Papilio helenus helenus ; Onodera,2022 : 6, pl.24, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Lak Sao)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Papilio helenus ab. aurea ; Dubois & Vitalis,1914 : 149. (Cambodge)
Papilio helenus ab. aurea ; Vitalis,1919 : 213. (Cambodge)
Papilio helenus ab. aurea ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 12. (Cambodge)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Kosterin,2019 : 89. (Koh Kong)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Kosterin,2019b : 26. (Ratanakiri; Mondulkiri)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 113. (Koh Kong; Kampot; Mondulkiri; Pursat; Ratanakiri)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio helenus ; Joannis,1901 : 333. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Papilio helenus ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 173. (Tonkin: Chiem-Hoa / Annam: Phuc-Son; Xom-Gom)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Jordan,1908-1909 : 54. (Tonkin)
Papilio helenus ; Lemée,1950 : 4. (Hagiang; Hanoi)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Metaye,1957 : 82 (N / C / S)
Papilio helenus daksha ; Metaye,1957 : 82 (N / C / S)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 17, figs.3:15,♂,16,♂(Un),4:1,♀,9:6(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Shinkai,1999 : 53. (N: Tam Dao / S: Bao Lac)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Luong et al.,2004 : 1, 23, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 7, figs.Pa-13,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Gung Re; Madagui)
Papilio helenus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 55-56, pl.13, figs.2a♂,2b♂(Un),2c♀. (throughout Vietnam)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 12. (N / C / S)
Papilio helenus helenus ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 39. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 10♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 4♂ 1♀ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 4♂ 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Uttaradit : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 2♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chaiyaphum : 3♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 4♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trat : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phuket : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nakhon Si Thammarat : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Yala : 3♂ 1♀ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Xaignabouli : 7♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bolikhamxai : 27♂ 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Khammouan : 20♂ 6♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Champasak : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 9♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is very common in montane and secondary forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 30 - 1750m). Both sexes visit flowers. Males form flight paths along streams or forest edges, and frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.

Linnaeus, C.,1758 : Systema naturae per regna tria naturae,secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis.
Holmiae, Laurentil Salvii. (Edition 10). 1(Animalia):[iv]+824pp.

Rothschild, L.W.,1895 : A revision of the Papilios of the Eastern Hemisphere, exclusive of Africa.
Novit. zool. 2(3):167-463, pl.4.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1908 : Neue ostasiatische Rhopaloceren.
Ent. Wochenbl. 25:38.

Boullet, E. & Le Cerf, F.,1912 : Descriptions sommarires de formes nouvelles de Papilionidae (Lep). de la collection du Muséum de Paris (2e note).
Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912(11):246-247.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1916 : Rhopaloceren aus Holländisch-Neu-Guinea.
Arch. Naturgesch. (A)81(11):61-78, 2 pls. (Jul.1916)

Corbet, A.S.,1949 : The Linnaean Names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Part 7. Summary of Determinations.
Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond (B)18(9-10):191-199.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀ with ♂, Yala, Thailand.
2♂, Lampang, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1996.10.02 - 2024.07.31.