♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Phrae, Thailand.		♀, Sekong, Laos.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♂, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand.
♂ genitalia, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)

ON : Aphnaeus himalayanus Moore, 1884 OD : J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Part II. 53(1):26. TL : Nepal ; Darjiling, [N. India]. Distribution : Nepal, Bhutan, N. India (Sikkim) to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S. China. ● ssp.himalayanus ● ssp.senama

Aphnaeus lohita batina Fruhstorfer, 1912 : Berl. ent. Z. 56(3/4):218. TL. "Süd-Annam" [C. Vitanam].
Aphnaeus lohita panasa Fruhstorfer, 1912 : Berl. ent. Z. 56(3/4):219. TL. Chiem Hoa, "Tonkin" [N. Vietnam].

[ THAILAND ]
Aphnaeus lohita ; Godfrey,1916 : 138. (Pak Jong; Bangkok)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Godfrey,1927 : 126. (N)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Godfrey,1930 : 341. (Chiang Mai; Pak Jong; Bangkok)
Spindasis lohita himalayana ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 79-80. (Nan; Prayao [Phayao])
Spindasis lohita lazularia ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 80. (Lampang: Me Htam forest)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Pinratana,1981 : 112, pl.20, figs.7,♂(Un),8,♂. (Chaiyaphum; Kao Yai)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 37, fig.112,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 55. (Mukdahan: Phu Huai Sing; Ban Lao Kram; Phu Hin Khan; Phu Ma No Rom; Phu Huai Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Warin Chamrap; Kaen Tana; Nam Tok Soi Sawan)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 67, fig.90,♂. (Umphang: Tha Sai; Umphang)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 596, pl.269, figs.L176a♂,♂(Un),♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 624, pl.282, figs.L201a♂(left),♂(Un,left). (in part)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 147, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs, Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Phetchabun; Sukhothai; Sa Kaeo; Nakhon Ratchasima; Rayong; Saraburi; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2023.05.31)

[ LAOS ]
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 75, pl.106, figs.B1,♂,B2,♂(Un). (Tha Ngone; Luang Prabang; Phatong)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 218, pl.122, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Xam Neua; Lak Sao; Xaignabouri; Thateng)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 47. (Namdhua; Thakhek; Laksao)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 53.
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Onodera,2022 : 91, pl.222, figs.♂(ab.),♂(ab.,Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Pakxan; Khammouan: Beung Hua Na; Xiengkhouang: Phon Kham)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus ; Kosterin,2019 : 92, figs.28,♀,29(Un),30(Un). (Koh Kong)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus ; Kosterin,2020 : 320. (Siem Reap; Preah Vihear; Stueng Treng)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 122. (Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Phnom Penh; Preah Sihanouk; Preah Vihear; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng; Takeo)

[ VIETNAM ]
Aphnaeus lohita panasa ; Seitz,1924-1927 : 937. (Tonkin: Chiem Hoa)
Aphnaeus lohita batina ; Seitz,1924-1927 : 937. (S.Annam: Bai Miu Is.)
Aphnaeus lohita ; Lemée,1950 : 20. (Sontay; Backan)
Aphnaeus lohita panasa ; Metaye,1957 : 89. (N)
Aphnaeus lohita batina ; Metaye,1957 : 89. (C)
Aphnaeus lohita batina ; Metaye,1958b : 175. (Ben Nom, Dong Nai)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 51, figs.4:14,♂,15,♂(Un),16,♀,7:34(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Spindasis lohita ; Vu,2003 : 58. (Phu Quoc)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Luong et al.,2004 : 10, 77, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Spindasis lohita ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 43. (Thua Thien Hue: A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006d : 64, figs.L-103,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Cigaritis lohita panasa ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 55. (N: Tuyen Quang; Ninh Binh)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 56. (C / S)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Saito et al.,2017 : 79. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Ket)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 9♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phrae : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sa Kaeo : 2♂ 2♀ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Prachuap Khiri Khan : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Sekong : 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Ha Giang : 8♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Vinh Phuc : 1♂.

Jan

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Dec

The butterfly is locally common in montane and secondary forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 150 - 900m). Both sexes visit flowers and males occasionally come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water. Males are territorial on undergrowth at forest edges in the early morning before dawn and in the evening from 16:30 until sunset.
This taxon has highly individual variation. I consider both taxa batina and panasa to be part of the variation of himalayanus.

Moore, F.,1884 : Descriptions of some New Asiatic Lepidoptera; chiefly from Specimens contained in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Part II. 53(1):16-52.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1912 : Uebersicht der Lycaeniden des Indo-Australischen Gebiets. Begründet auf die Ausbeute und die Sammlung des Autors.
Berl. ent. Z. 56(3/4):197-272, 4 figs. (Apr.1912)

Zhang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J., Song. L. & Grishin, N. V.,2023 : Butterfly classification and species discovery using genomics
The taxonomic report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 11(3):1-93.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.

1999.07.18 - 2024.08.31.