♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Ranong, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Ranong, Thailand.		♂, Yala, Thailand.

ON : Lucia epius Westwood, 1851 OD : in Doubleday, Gen. diurn. Lep. (2):502, pl.76, fig.5. TL : "Ceylon" [Sri Lanka]. Distribution : Sri Lanka, S.India, Nepal to Myanmar, Andamans, Nicobars, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan, China, Taiwan, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo to W.New Guinea.

Lucia pharnus C.Felder, 1860 : Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 40(11):460. TL. "Amboina", [Pulau Ambon, Indonesia].
Lucia substrigata Snellen, 1878 : in Snellen & Piepers, Tijdschr. Ent. 21:15-16, pl.1, fig.2. TL. "Zuid-West Celebes" [SW.Sulawesi].
Lucia dilama Moore, 1878 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):701-702. TL. Hainan, [China].
Lucia fangola Kheil, 1884 : Rhop. Nias : 28, pl.5, fig.31. TL. "Nias", [Pulau Nias, Indonesia].
Spalgis nubilus Moore, 1884 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883(4):522. TL. Andaman Isles., [India].
Spalgis strigatus Semper, 1889 : in C.Semper, Reisen Philipp. (4):160, pl.31, fig.1,♀(Un). TL. Cebú, [Philippines].
Spalgis epius titius Fruhstorfer, 1919 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):75. TL. "Ostjava" [E.Java].
Spalgis epius georgi Fruhstorfer, 1919 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):76. TL. Bohol, [Philippines].
Spalgis epius semperi Fruhstorfer, 1919 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):76. TL. Luzon, [Philippines].

[ THAILAND ]
Spalgis epius epius ; Godfrey,1930 : 313. (W: Klong Pong Kapo)
Spalgis epius epius ; Godfrey,1932a : 271. (Trang: Ko Libong)
Spalgis epius epius ; Pinratana,1981 : 35, pl.5, figs.21,♂,22,♂(Un),23,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Ratchasima)
Spalgis epius epius ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 32, fig.93,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Hin Dang)
Spalgis epius epius ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 53. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram)
Spalgis epius epius ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 552, pl.249, figs.L52,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nan; Chanthaburi)
Spalgis epius epius ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.[♀](Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2023.04.26)
Spalgis epius epius ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 566, pl.256, figs.L74,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nan; Chanthaburi).
Spalgis epius epius ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 44, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Muok Leck; Nakohn Nayork; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Pliwn WF; Tarutao Is; Than To WF.)
Spalgis epius epius ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, fig., Early Stages. (Kanchanaburi; Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Nakhon Nayok;Trat; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2023.04.28)
Spalgis epius epius ; Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : 129, figs.Abb.L-055-058. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Spalgis epius epius ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 69, pl.98, figs.B9,♀,B10,♀(Un). (Luang Prabang)
Spalgis epeus [sic] epeus [sic] ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 214, pl.108, figs.♂,♀. (Vientiane; Thabok)
Spalgis epius epius ; Onodera,2009b : 35. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside)
Spalgis epius ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 51.
Spalgis epius ; Onodera,2022 : 72, pl.204, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Vientiane: Vang Vieng)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Spalgis epius epius ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 120, fig.3I. (Koh Kong; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Spalgis epius ; Metaye,1957 : 91. (no loc.)
Spalgis epius ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 48, figs.1:17,♂,18,♂(Un),6:6(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Spalgis epius epius ; Luong et al.,2004 : 9. (Cuc Phuong)
Spalgis epius epius ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006d : 50, figs.L-12,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Gung Re; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Spalgis epius epius ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 48. (N / C / S)

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 10♂ 2♀ (incl. photo & photo by A.Giudici).

Jan

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 1♂ (photo).

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Dec

Chanthaburi : 1♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

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Ranong : 1♂ 1♀.

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Oct

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Dec

Surat Thani (Koh Phangan dist.) : 1♀ (photo by A.Giudici).

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Oct

Nov

Dec

Yala : 1♂.

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The butterfly is common in montane and secondary forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 30 - 1400m) and is occasionally found at garden trees in a town. Males are territorial on shrubs or trees at forest edges from 11:00 to 16:00.

Westwood, J.O.,1850-1852 : In Doubleday et al., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera.
vol.2 : ii + pp.251-534, pls.31-80,54. London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

Felder, C.,1860 : Lepidopterorum Amboinensium a Dre L. Doleschall annis 1856-1868 collectorum species novae, diagnostibus collustratae.(1)
Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 40(11):(447)448-462.

Moore, F.,1878 : List of Lepidopterous Insects collected by the late R.Swinhoe in the Island of Hainan.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):695-708.

Snellen, P.C.T.,1878 in Snellen & Piepers, Opgave van en Aanteekeningen over Lepidoptera in Zuid-West Celebes Verzameld.
Tijdschr. Ent. 21:1-43, 1 pl.

Kheil, N.P.,1884 : Zur Fauna des Indo-Malayischen Archipels. Die Rhoplalocera der Insel Nias
[1-5], 6-38, 5pls.

Moore, F.,1884 : Descriptions of new Asiatic Diurnal Lepidoptera.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883(4):521-535, pls.48-49.

Semper, G.,1886-1892 : in C.Semper, Die Schmetterlinge der Philippinischen Inseln. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen.
(1):1-46, pl.1-8, A(1886) ; (2):47-86, pl.9-16(1887) ; (3):87-134, pl.17-24(1888) ; (4):135-174, pl.25-32(1889) ; (5):175-238, pl.33-38, B(1890) ; (6):239-270, pl.39-46(1891) ; (7):271-380, pl.47-49[iv](1892).

Fruhstorfer, H.,1919 : Spalgis, eine bicontinentale Lycaenidengattung.
Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):73-76. (Feb.1919)

Seki, Y., Takanami, Y. & Otsuka, K.,1991 : in Otsuka (ed.), Butterflies of Borneo. Vol.2, No.1. Lycaenidae.
Tobishima Corporation.

♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Surat Thani, Thailand. (photo by A.Giudici)

1999.07.20 - 2024.08.31.