♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.		♀, Phetchaburi, Thailand.

ON : Nymphalis sylla Westwood, 1838 OD : Ins. China.(new edn): 69, pl.38. TL : 'the small islands on the eastern coast of China' Distribution : India (Assam) to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S.Yunnan. ● ssp.sylla ● ssp.lilacinus

Papilio gambrisius Fabricius, 1793 : Ent. Syst. 3(1):85. TL. "India orientali" (homonym)
Parthenos apicalis Moore, 1879 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(4):829. TL. Above Ahsown ; Taoo, [Tanintharyi, Myanmar].
Parthenos sinensis Chou, Yuan, Yin, Zhang & Chen, 2002 : Entomotaxonomia 24(1):54. TL. Quanzhou, Fujian [wrong labelled].

[ THAILAND ]
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Fruhstorfer,1913 : 645. (Siam)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Godfrey,1916 : 130.
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Godfrey,1930 : 288. (Prae: Me Song forest; Chiang Mai; Chiang Rai; Pak Jong; Muak Lek; Chonburi: Sriracha; Bangkok)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Pinratana,1979 : 65, figs.N114a♂,♂(dsf). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Nonthaburi; Phitsanulok; Sisaket)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 67, pl.42, fig.121a♂. (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Nakhon Nayok; Ratchaburi)
Parthenos sylvia ssp. ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 255, fig.103,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Pha Phung; Phu Mu)
Parthenos sylvia ssp. ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 28. (Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Na Pho Krang; Phu Chon Na Yoi; Kaeng Tana; Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Nam Tok Tad Ton; Ban Na Lak; Ban Gok Tum)
Parthenos sylvia ssp. ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 51. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu; Phu Huai Sing; Nam Tok Tad Ton; Ubon Ratchathani: Waring Chamrap; Nam Tok Soi Sawan)
Parthenos sylvia ssp. ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 50, fig.118,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 418, pl.183, figs.N126a,♂,♂(Un). (Kanchanaburi; Khao Yai)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 428, pl.187, figs.N292a,♂,♂(Un). (Kanchanaburi; Khao Yai)
Parthenos sylla apicalis ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9, 18, photo.17,♂. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Parthenos sylla lilacinus ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9, 18, photo.18,♂. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Parthenos sylla apicalis ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 96, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♂,♂(Un). (Ban Mae Wa; Phrae; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Nakohn Nayok; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kratching WF; Kao Chamaoh; Kao Khiewo; Doi Musso; Sai York Noi; Khrong Thariew)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 86. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
Parthenos sylvia sylla ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2024- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Ratchasima; Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Nakhon Nayok) (accessed: 2024.05.13)

[ LAOS ]
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 59, col.pl.13,♂ ; pl.64, figs.5,♂,6,♂(Un). (Luang Prabang; Vang Vieng; Phatong; Tha Ngone; Nam Moh; Vientiane)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 207, pl.61, figs.♂,♀. (Nam Tha; Oudomxay)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 43. (Thabok; Thabeng; Laksao)
Parthenos sylla apycalis [sic] ; Onodera,2009b : 35. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside;)
Parthenos sylla apicalis ; Onodera,2009b : 38,43. (Houaphan: Phu Phan; Bolikhamxai: Phon Si)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 46.
Parthenos sylla apicalis ; Onodera,2022 : 41, pl.120, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Xiengkhouang: Muang Kham)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs,♂,♂(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Parthenos sylvia ; Onodera,2007 : 25, fig.60,♂. (Rattanakiri: Poy)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 129. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Kosterin,2019 : 102. (Koh Kong; Kampot)
Parthenos sylla apicalis ; Kosterin,2019b : 32. (Ratanakiri; Mondulkiri)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Kosterin,2020 : 328. (Siem Reap)
Parthenos sylvia sylla ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 118. (Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Pursat; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)

[ VIETNAM ]
Parthenos gambrisius ; Joannis,1901 : 319. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Fruhstorfer,1913 : 645. (Tonkin / S.Annam)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Godfrey,1919 : 468. (S: Sui Kat)
Parthenos apicalis ; Vitalis,1919 : 231. (Annam)
Parthenos apicalis ; Lemée,1950 : 14. (Hagiang; Hanoi; Backan)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius f.aest. gambrisius ; Metaye,1957 : 97. (N / C / S)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius f.hib. apicalis ; Metaye,1957 : 97. (N / C / S)
Parthenos sylvia ; Vu,2003 : 57. (Phu Quoc)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Luong et al.,2004 : 7, 65, fig.♂. (Cuc Phuong)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 26, figs.N-77,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Dong Nai: Thac Mai; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Parthenos sylvia gambrisius ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 85. (N / C / S)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Saito et al.,2017 : 81. (S: Nui Cam / Nui Coto)
Parthenos sylvia apicalis ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(2):93-94, pl.55, figs.1a♂,1b♂(Un). (throughhout Vietnam)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 4♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 10♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 8♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Loei : 2♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sa Kaeo : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chonburi : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchaburi : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Vientiane : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is common in montane and secondary forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 200 - 1300m). Both sexes visit flowers and males occasionally come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.

Fabricius, J.C.,1793 : Entomologia systematica emedata et aucta. secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus.
3(1): [iv] + 488 pp. Copenhagen. C.G.Proft.

Westwood, J.O.,1838 : Natural History of the Insects of China, A New Edition with additional observations &c. by J. O. Westwood, F.L.S
London. 96 pp., 50 pls.

Moore, F.,1879 : A list of the lepidopterous insects collected by Mr.Ossian Limborg in upper Tenasserim, with descriptions of new species.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(4):821-858, pls. 51-53.

Corbet, A.S.,1941 : Observations on Certain of the Fabrician Names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera (Lepid.)
Proc. R. e nt. Soc. Lond. (B)10(6):98-106.

Tsukada, E.,1991 : Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands V, Nymphalidae (II). (in Japanese)
Azumino Butterflie's Research Institute. 576pp.(238 col. pls.)

Chou, I., Yuan, X.Q., Yin, H.S., Zhang, C.S. & Chen, X.C.,2002 : New Species, New Subspecies, and New Records of Butterflies from China (VI).
Entomotaxonomia 24(1):52-68, 23 figs.

Lang, S.Y.,2009 : A Study on the systematics of Nymphalidae (excepting Satyrinae) from China (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)
Beijing, P.R.China.

Lang, S.Y.,2012 : The Nymphalidae of China (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) Part 1
Libytheinae, Danainae, Calinaginae, Morphinae, Heliconiinae, Nymphalinae, Charaxinae, Apaturinae, Cyrestinae, Biblidinae, Limenitinae
456 pp, 32 col. + 41 black&white pls. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice.

♂, Nan, Thailand.	♂, Lampang, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

2007.03.20 - 2024.08.31.