♂ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (dsf), Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♀ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (wsf), Phetchaburi, Thailand.		♀ (dsf), Champasak, Laos.
♂, Dong Nai, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♂ (ab.), Nan, Thailand.

ON : Papilio procris Cramer, 1777 OD : Uitl. Kapellen 2(9-16):15, pl.106, figs.E,F. TL : China. Distribution : Nepal, India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S. China, Hainan. ● ssp.procris ● ssp.milonia

Limenitis procris procris forma temp. chlaena Fruhstorfer, 1906 : Ent. Zeit. 20(9):62. TL. Sikkim, [N. India].
Modusa [sic] neoprocris : Chou, Yuan, Yin, Zhang & Chen, 2002 : Entomotaxonomia 24(1):54, 58, figs.14a,(HT,♂),14b,(HT,♂Un). TL. Quanzhou, Fujian Province.
Moduza procris hainana : Tsukada, 1991 : Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands. 5:317,545, pl.234, figs.1(PT,♂),2(HT,♂). TL. Hainan. (♂, in coll. E.Tsukada)

neoprocris : Holotype ♂, Quanzhou, Fujian. (Entomological Museum, North west Sci-Tech University)
hainana : Holotype ♂, 10.Aug.1988. Tong-za, Hainan. (in coll. E.Tsukada) ; Paratype 1♂, 26.Feb.1988. Hainan. (in coll. E.Tsukada)

[ THAILAND ]
Limenitis procris procris ; Fruhstorfer,1913 : 640. (Siam)
Limenitis procris procris ; Godfrey,1916 : 129-130. (Petchaburi River)
Limenitis procris procris ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Limenitis procris procris ; Godfrey,1930 : 287. (except P)
Moduza procris procris ; Pinratana,1979 : 63, figs.N111,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Chonburi; Kao Yai; Kanchanaburi; Phitsanulok; Ratchaburi)
Moduza procris procris ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 64, pl.41, fig.116a♂. (Chiang Mai; Phisanulok; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi; Chonburi; Kanchanaburi; Ratchaburi)
Moduza procris procris ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 255, fig.101,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu; Phu Pha Thaep; Phu Pha Phung)
Moduza procris procris ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 28. (Mukdahan: Ban Na Lak)
Moduza procris procris ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 51. (Mukdahan: Phu Huai Sing / Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Chong Na Yoi)
Moduza procris procris ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 70, fig.163,♂. (Umphang)
Moduza procris procris ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 414, pl.181, figs.N121a♂,♂(Un),♀,♂(ab.),♂(ab.Un). (Chiang Mai; Khao Yai)
Moduza procris procris ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 424, pl.185, figs.N287a♂,♂(Un),♀,♂(ab.),♂(ab.Un) (Chiang Mai; Khao Yai)
Moduza procris procris ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Moduza procris procris ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Sa Kaeo; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi; Trat; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2023.06.14)
Moduza procris procris ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 93, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Ban Mae Wa; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Kradung; Phu Khiewo; Kao Yai; Sarika; Nakohn Nayok; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kratchin WF; Pliewn WF; Kao Kiewo; Sai York Noi)

[ LAOS ]
Moduza procris procris ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 59, pl.63, figs.5,♂,6,♂(Un),7,♀,8,♀(Un). (Vang Vieng; Nam Moh; Nam Ngum Dam)
Moduza procris procris ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 207, pl.61, figs.♂,♀. (Thabok; Xaignabouri)
Moduza procris procris ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 42. (Namdhua)
Moduza procris procris ; Onodera,2009b : 35,41. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside; Khammouan: Nacay)
Moduza procris procris ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 46.
Moduza procris procris ; Onodera,2022 : 40, pl.119, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Vientiane: Vang Vieng)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Moduza procris procris ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs,♂,♂(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Moduza procris ; Onodera,2009 : 64. (Kratie: Snoul)
Moduza procris procris ; Kosterin,2019 : 97. (Koh Kong)
Moduza procris procris ; Kosterin,2019b : 32. (Mondulkiri)
Moduza procris procris ; Kosterin,2020 : 328. (Siem Reap; Stung Treng)
Moduza procris procris ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 118. (Koh Kong; Kratie; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)

[ VIETNAM ]
Limenitis procris procris ; Fruhstorfer,1913 : 640. (Tonkin)
Limenitis procris ; Lemée,1950 : 14. (Hagiang; Hanoi)
Limenitis procris procris ; Metaye,1957 : 97. (N / C / S)
Moduza procris procris ; Ikeda et al.,2000 : 36, figs.6:6,♂,7,♂(Un), fig.9:34(♂,genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Moduza procris ; Vu,2003 : 57. (Phu Quoc)
Moduza procris procris ; Luong et al.,2004 : 7, 65, figs.♂[♀],♂[♀](Un),♀[♂]. (Cuc Phuong)
Moduza procris ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Moduza procris procris ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 26, figs.N-76,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Moduza procris procris ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 36. (N / C / S)
Moduza procris procris ; Saito et al.,2017 : 81. (S: Nui Coto)
Moduza pricris pricris ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(2):43-44, pl.39, figs.3a♂,3b♂(Un). (N: Muong Nhe; Na Hang; Ba Be; Tam Dao; Cuc Phuong / C: Ben En; Pu Hoat; Pu Mat; Huong Son; Vu Quang; Phong Dien; Dakrong; Bach Ma; Ba Na; Son Thanh; Ba To; Kon Cha Rang; Bu Gia Map; Loc Bao; Nui Chua; Da Teh; La Nga; Bao Lam / S: Cat Tien; Con Dao)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 5♂ 1♀.

Jan

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Dec

Chiang Mai : 6♂ 6♀ (incl. photo).

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Phrae : 1♂.

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Nan : 6♂ 2♀.

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Tak : 2♂.

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Chaiyaphum : 1♀.

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Nakhon Nayok : 1♀.

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Chonburi : 1♀.

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Chanthaburi : 4♂ 1♀.

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Phetchaburi : 1♂.

Jan

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[ LAOS ]
Champasak : 1♀.

Jan

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[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 3♂ 1♀.

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Dong Nai : 1♂.

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The butterfly is common in montane and secondary forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 200 - 1200m).
Tsukada (1991) described ssp.hainana from Hainan mainly due to the large white cell spot of the UpF. However, the size of this spot is very variable and individuals with this characteristic are occasionally found in continental China to Indochina region, especially during in the dry season. Therefore, I consider it should be included in the nominotypical subspecies.

Cramer, P.,1775-1780 :
De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique.
Amsteldam, S.J.Baalde; Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp.
1(1/7):i-xxx, 1-16, 1-132, pls.1-84 ([31 December]1775), (8):133-155, pls.85-96 (1776); 2(9/16):1-151, pls.97-192 (1777); 3(17/22):1-128, pls.193-264 (1779), (23/24):129-176, pls.265-288 (1780); 4(25/26):1-28, pls.289-304 (1780)

Fruhstorfer, H.,1906 : Neue und seltene indo-malayische Rhopaloceren.
Ent. Zeit. 20(9):61-63. (1.Jun.1906)

Tsukada, E.,1991 : Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands V, Nymphalidae (II). (in Japanese)
Azumino Butterflie's Research Institute. 576pp.(238 col. pls.)

Chou, I., Yuan, X. Q., Yin, H. S., Zhang, C. S. & Chen, X. C.,2002 : New Species, New Subspecies, and New Records of Butterflies from China (VI).
Entomotaxonomia 24(1):52-68, 23 figs.

Lang, S. Y.,2012 : The Nymphalidae of China (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) Part 1
Libytheinae, Danainae, Calinaginae, Morphinae, Heliconiinae, Nymphalinae, Charaxinae, Apaturinae, Cyrestinae, Biblidinae, Limenitinae
456 pp, 32 col. + 41 black&white pls. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice.

♂ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

2007.03.10 - 2024.02.29.