Athyma selenophora bahula
Moore, 1858
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Nan, Thailand. |
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
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♂, Vinh Phu, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
♀, Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
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♂, Vinh Phu, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
♂, Vinh Phu, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
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♂, Tak, Thailand. |
♂, Vientiane, Laos. |
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♂, Nan, Thailand. |
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. |
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♂(f. yui), 1991.03.--. Nan, Thailand. |
♂(f. yui), Nan, Thailand. |
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♂(f. yui), Chiang Mai (Omkoi dist.), Thailand. |
♂(f. yui), Tak, Thailand. |
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♂(f. yui), 2004.06.08. Houaphan, Laos. (photo by K.Saito) |
♂(f. yui), 2010.07.23. Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
ON :
Athyma bahula Moore, 1858
OD : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1858(26): 12, pl.50, fig.2,♀.
TL : "Sylhet" [southern Khasia Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh].
Distribution : Assam, SE.Tibet, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.
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● ssp.bahula |
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● transition zone of bahula and amharina |
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● ssp.amharina |
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● ssp.aoyamai |
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Synonyms
Pantoporia selenophora batilda Fruhstorfer, 1908 : Ent. Wbl. 25(10): 41. TL. 'Chiem-Hoa, Tonkin [Chiem Hoa, Tuyen Quang, N.Vietnam]; Hinlap, Siam" [Hin Lap, Saraburi, Thailand]'. (MNHN)
Pantoporia selenophora latifascia Talbot, 1936 : Entomologist 69: 57. TL. "Siam" [Thailand]. (NHML)
Athyma selenophora yui Huang, 1998 : Neue ent. Nachr. 41: 233, pl.7, figs.3a(HT,♂), 3b(PT,♂), 4a(HT,♂Un), 4b(PT,♂Un). TL. Metok, S.E.Tibet. (BLQEC)
Type Materials Information
yui ;
Holotype ♂, 04.Jul.1996, Metok, 1000m, S.E. Tibet. (BLQEC) ; Paratypes: 3♂, same data as holotype. (BLQEC)
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Pantoporia selenophora bahula ; Godfrey,1916 : 129. (Prae: Me Song forest; Chonburi: Hup Bon)
Pantoporia selenophora selenophora ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Pantoporia selenophora selenophora ; Godfrey,1930 : 285. (Prae: Me Song forest; Chonburi: Sriracha)
Pantoporia selenophora latifascia ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 74-75. (by literature, Talbot's OD)
Athyma selenophora selenophora ; Pinratana,1979 : 57, not fig. (Chiang Mai)
Athyma selenophora latifascia ; Pinratana,1979 : 58, figs.N103c♂,♀. (Chiang Mai; Loei)
Athyma selenophora bahula ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 60, pl.38, figs.105a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Phisanulok; Nakhon Nayok; Chonburi; Chanthaburi)
Athyma selenophora bahula ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 404, pl.176, figs.N109a♂,♂(Un),♀. (Chiang Mai)
Athyma selenophora bahula ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 414, pl.180, figs.N274a♂,♂(Un),♀. (Chiang Mai; Phrae)
Athyma selenophora bahula ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Phetchabun; Sa Kaeo; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2023.06.30)
Athyma yui ; Koiwaya,2016 : 29,32. (Nan; Chiang Mai: Omkoi)
Athyma selenophora amharina ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 86. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
Athyma selenophora bahula ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 86, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon; Khun Lao; Maethro; Charn Phui; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Nakohn Nayok; Kao Soi Dao; Kao Khiewo)
Athyma yui ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2023- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Kamphaeng Phet) (accessed: 2024.05.13)
[ LAOS ]
Pantoporia selenophora f. batilda ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 41. (Xieng-Khouang)
Athyma selenophora latifascia ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 59, pl.63, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un). (Vang Vieng; Nam Moh; Pakse; Luang Prabang)
Athyma selenophora latifascia ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 207, pl.59, figs.♂,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Lak Sao; Phong Saly; Oudomxay; Xiang Khouang)
Athyma selenophora latifascia ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 42. (Namdhua; Nakai)
Athyma selenophora latifascia ; Onodera,2009b : 36. (Xieng Kouang: Muang Kham)
Athyma selenophora bahula ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 45.
Athyma yui ; Koiwaya,2016 : 29,32. (Xam Neua)
Athyma selenophora bahula ; Onodera,2022 : 39, pl.117, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Luang Phabang: Phouk; Phou Yang; Bolikhamxai: Lak Sao)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Pantoporia bahula ; Vitalis,1919 : 230. (Cambodge)
Athyma selenophora ; Onodera,2007 : 28, fig.57,♂. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kuhlen)
Athyma selenophora batilda ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 129. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Athyma selenophora bahula ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 118. (Koh Kong; Pursat; Siem Reap)
[ VIETNAM ]
Pantoporia selenophora batilda ; Fruhstorfer,1912 : 631. (C.Tonkin)
Pantoporia batilda ; Vitalis,1919 : 230. (Tonkin)
Pantoporia selenophora f. batilda ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 41. (C.Tonkin)
Pantoporia batilda ; Lemée,1950 : 14. (Hagiang; Backan)
Pantoporia selenophora batilda ; Metaye,1957 : 96. (N)
Athyma selenophora batilda ; Ikeda et al.,2000 : 36, figs.6:1,♂(WSF),2,♂(Un),3,♂(DSF), fig.9:33(♂,genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Athyma selenophora ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Athyma selenophora batilda ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 22, figs.N-69A♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Athyma selenophora batilda ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 41. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Athyma selenophora batilda ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 35. (N / C / S)
Athyma selenphora bahula ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(2):27-29, pl.36, figs.5a♂,5b♂(Un),5c♀. (N: Muong Nhe; Hoang Lien; Van Ban; Ba Be; Tam Dao; Cat Ba; Cuc Phuong; Pu Luong / C: Xuan Lien; Ben En; Pu Hoat; Bu Huong; Pu Mat; Huong Son; Vu Quang; Bach Ma; A Luoi; Nam Dong; Son Thanh; Ngoc Linh; Kon Ka Kinh; Chu Yang Sin; Da Teh; Bu Gia Map; Loc Bao; Bao Lam / S: Cat Tien; La Nga)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♂ 2♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai : 16♂ 9♀ (incl. photo), (2♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lampang : 1♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nan : 7♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Uttaradit : 1♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 2♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 4♂ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 1♂ 1♀ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nakhon Nayok: 2♂ (photo by T.Aoyama).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Sa Kaeo : 1♀ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chanthaburi : 4♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchaburi : 2♂ (photo by T.Aoyama).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Oudomxai : 2♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Bolikhamxai : 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Vientiane : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Champasak : 2♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Ha Giang : 2♂ 3♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lao Cai : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Vinh Phuc : 3♂ 2♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lam Dong : 7♂ 10♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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f. yui
[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 2♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nan : 4♂ (1♂ genitalia dissected).
Pua dist. 1991.03.--. 1♂ LC (YI)
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Kamphaeng Phet : 2♂ (photo by R.Charoenpon).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 3♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Houaphan : 1♂.
Xam Neua, 2004.06.08. 1♂ LC (KS).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 2♂.
near Dalat, 2010.07.23. 1♂ T.Saito (KS).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ MYANMAR ]
Kachin : 3♂ (2♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is common in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 300 - 1700m).
This taxon is highly variable with individual and seasonal variation, which seems to be more pronounced than geographic variation.
I provisionally treat the whole Indo-China continental populations as ssp.bahula here.
However, it may be a synonym of the nominotypical subspecies from India as Morishita (1976) pointed out.
In Phetchaburi, upper part of Peninsular Thailand, both ssp.amharina and ssp.bahula are found sympatrically.
It seems to be a transition zone containing intermediate individuals.
The taxon yui was described as a subspecies of Athyma selenophora by Huang (1998).
It was subsequently elevated to a distinct species by Koiwaya (2016).
He pointed out that the specimens shown above, which I have illustrated as Athyma selenophora on my WEB, are this species.
However, he confused Athyma whitei with yui in Myanmar.
There is no difference at all between the male genitalia of selenophora and yui, and Lang (2012:265) treated it as a synonym of selenophora bahura.
Individuals like yui occur in many parts of the distribution range of selenophora bahula, but tend to be more common at higher elevations (Alt. 1000 - 1500 m) in particular.
I now consider yui to be an extreme individual variation of selenophora and follow Lang's treatment.
Further taxonomic research is needed.
Literature
Moore, F.,1858 : Monograph of the Asiatic Species of Neptis and Athyma, two genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Nymphalidae.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1858(26): 3-20, Annulosa pls. 49-51.
Fruhstorfer, H.,1908 : Neue ostasiatische Rhopaloceren.
Ent. Wbl. 25(10): 41. (5.Mar.1908)
Talbot, G.,1936 : Notes upon some butterflies from Siam, with descriptions of new races and forms (Lep. Rhopalocera).
Entomologist 69: 56-60.
Morishita, K.,1976 : Athyma selenophora
Yadoriga 87/88: 23-34. (in Japanese)
Huang, H.,1998 : Research on the butterflies of the Namjagbarwa Region, S.E.Tibet (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera).
Neue ent. Nachr. 41: 207-264.
Lang, S.Y.,2012 : The Nymphalidae of China (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera), Part I. Libytheinae, Danainae, Calinaginae, Morphinae, Heliconiinae, Nymphalinae, Charaxinae, Apaturinae, Cyrestinae, Biblidinae, Limenitinae.
Tshikolovets. Czech Rep. 456 pp, 32 col + 41 b/w pls, distribution maps.
Koiwaya, S.,2016 : Description of a new species of genus Sephisa from Myanmar and notes on Athyma selenophora species complex.
Gekkan-Mushi 549: 23-33. (in Japanese)
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. |
♀, Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
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♂, Phetchaburi, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama) |
♀, Sa Kaeo, Thailand. |
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♂ (f. yui), Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. (photo by R.Charoenpon) |
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♂ (f. yui), Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. (photo by R.Charoenpon) |
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♂ (f. yui), Nan, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
