♂, Khammouane, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera)

ON : Halpe sikkima kusala Fruhstorfer, 1911 OD : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 25(2-6):46. TL : Sud-Annam. (♂, NHML) Distribution : Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.

Halpe auriferus diana Evans, 1932 : Ident. Indian Butts. (2nd ed.) : 395. TL. Tavoy. (♂, NHML)

[ THAILAND ]
Halpe kusala ; Evans,1949 : 266. (Siam)
Halpe porus ; Pinratana,1985 : pl.19, fig.101,♂(Un).
'Halpe kusala ; Pinratana,1985 : 55, not fig. (Chiang Mai; Loei)'
'Halpe kusala ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 780, pl.358, figs.H133,♂,♂(Un),♂(Un,Laos)'
Halpe kusala ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 57. (by literature)
'Halpe kusala ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 832, pl.383, figs.H130,♂,♂(Un),♂(Un,Laos).'

[ LAOS ]
Halpe kusala ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 223, pl.138, fig.♂(Un). (Vang Vieng)
Halpe kusala ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 58.
Halpe kusala ; Onodera,2022 : 112, pl.249, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Khammouan: Thakhek)

[ VIETNAM ]
Halpe sikkima kusala ; Seitz,1927 : 1089. (S.Annam)
Halpe kusala ; Evans,1949 : 266. (Annam)
Halpe sikkima kusala ; Metaye,1957 : 80. (C)
Halpe kusala ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,1999 : 166. (by literature)
Halpe kusala ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,2003 : 124. (S: Cat Tien; Lo Go Xa Mat)
Halpe kusala ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 78. (C / S)

[ LAOS ]
Khammouane : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).

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The butterfly is uncommon in montane forests at moderate elevations.
I have not yet seen any reliable specimens from Thailand. Further distributional study is needed.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1911 : Neue Hesperiden des Indo-Malayischen Faunengebietes und Besprechung verwandter Formen.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 25(2-6):9-79, pl.1.

Evans, W.H.,1932 : The identification of Indian butterflies. second edition revised.
Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., Madras : 10+454pp, 32 pls, 9f.

1999.09.04 - 2023.07.31.