♂, Tak, Thailand.		♀, Tak, Thailand.
♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.		♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
♂ genitalia, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.

ON : Hesperia zema Hewitson, 1877 OD : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)19: 77. TL : 'Darjeeling, [W.Bengal, India]; Sarawak, [Borneo]' [Sikkim]. (NHML) Distribution : Sikkim, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam. ● ssp.zema ● ssp.zamba

[ THAILAND ]
Halpe zema zema: Godfrey,1930 : 380. (Prae: Me Song forest; Klong Pong Kapo)
Halpe zema ormenes: Shirôzu & Saigusa,1962 : 32-33, pl.1, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un), Textfig.5,♂genitalia. (Mae Hoi)
Halpe zema zema: Pinratana,1985 : 53, pl.18, fig.96,♂. (no loc.)
'Halpe zema zema: Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 776, pl.356, figs.H120,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)'
Halpe zema zema: Kimura et al.,2011 : 55. (by literature)
'Halpe ormenes vilasina: Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 828, pl.382, figs.H115,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok)'

[ LAOS ]
Halpe zema zema: Osada et al.,1999 : 223, pl.138, fig.♂(Un). (Xaignabouri)
Halpe zema zema: Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 58.
Halpe zema zema: Onodera,2022 : 111, pl.248, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Phongsali: Muang Mai)

[ VIETNAM ]
Halpe zema ormenes: Inoué & Kawazoé,1966 ; 94, fig.87,♀(Un). (Banmethuot; Trang Bom)
Halpe zema zema: Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,1999 : 165. (Na Hang; Ba Be)
Halpe zema zema: Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 77. (N: Bac Can, Tuyen Quang)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 11♂ (11♂ genitalia dissected).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 3♂ (3♂ genitalia examined).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phrae : 1♂ (genitalia examined).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♂ 2♀. (1♂ genitalia examined).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Kanchanaburi : 1♂ (genitalia examined).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Oudomxai : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bolikhamxai : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is locally not uncommon in forests at moderate elevations (500 - 700 m a.s.l.). Males are occasionally observed mud-puddling along stream banks and at puddles.
This species is distinguishable from allied species, especially Halpe zola, by only examination of male genitalia.

Hewitson, W.C.,1877 : Descriptions of twenty-five new species of Hesperidae.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)19: 76-85.

Evans, W.H.,1949 : A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History).
i-xix + 1-502, pls.1-35. London.

♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.

1999.09.04 - 2025.11.30.