Hasora anura anura  Nicéville, 1889

Hasora anura anura ♂ Up. Hasora anura anura ♂ Un. Hasora anura anura ♀ Up. Hasora anura anura ♀ Un.
♂, Nan, Thailand. ♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Hasora anura anura ♂ Up. Hasora anura anura ♂ Un. Hasora anura anura ♀ Up. Hasora anura anura ♀ Un.
♂, Nan, Thailand. ♀, Nan, Thailand.
Hasora anura anura ♂ Up. Hasora anura anura ♂ Un. Hasora anura anura ♀ Up. Hasora anura anura ♀ Un.
♂, Nan, Thailand. ♀, Nan, Thailand.
Hasora anura anura ♂ Up. Hasora anura anura ♂ Un. Hasora anura anura ♀ Up. Hasora anura anura ♀ Un.
♂, Nan, Thailand. ♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Hasora anura anura ♂ Up. Hasora anura anura ♂ Un. Hasora anura anura ♂ genitalia Hasora anura anura ♂ genitalia
♂, Nan, Thailand. ♂ genitalia, Nan, Thailand.

ON : Hasora anura Nicéville, 1889
OD : J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 4(3):170-172, pl.B, figs.1,♀, 5,♂.
TL : Sikkim. (NZC)
Distribution : Sikkim to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
Hasora anura anura map

Type Materials Information

1♂ 1♀ Type, Sikkim. (NZC) ; Sheela et al.,2019 : 28, figs.♀,♀(Un),♂,♂(Un).


Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Hasora lizetta anura ; Godfrey,1927 : 127. (N)
Hasora lizetta anura ; Godfrey,1930 : 352. (W: Me Taw; Chiang Mai)
Hasora anura anura ; Pinratana,1985 : 19, pl.5, figs.14,♂,♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Hasora anura anura ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 730, pl.334, figs.H17,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Hasora danda ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : pl.334, figs.H18,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (in part)
Hasora anura anura ; Chiba,2009 : 22, pl.8, figs.7,♂, 8,♀. (Thailand)
Hasora anura anura ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 24, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Chiang Dao; Doi Inthanon; Khun Lao Village)
Hasora anura anura ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 778, pl.358, figs.H16,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Doi Phu Kha)
Hasora anura anura ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, fig. (Kamphaeng Phet) (accessed: 2023.03.09)

[ LAOS ]
Hasora anura anura ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 78, pl.110, figs.A11,♀,12,♀(Un). (Luang Prabang)
Hasora anura anura ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 221, pl.131, figs.♂,♀. (Phong Saly; Xam Neua)
Hasora anura anura ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 56.
Hasora anura anura ; Onodera,2022 : 101, pl.235, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Xiengkhouang: Phou Samsoum)

[ VIETNAM ]
Hasora anura anura ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,1999 : 155. (N: Tam Dao; Ba Be)
Hasora anura anura ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,2003 : 121. (S: Bi Doup - Nui Ba)
Hasora anura anura ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 70. (N / C: to Lam Dong)
Hasora anura anura ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 43, figs.114,♂,114v♂(Un). (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)


Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chiang Mai : 8♂ 4♀ (incl. photo & photo by T.Aoyama).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Nan : 9♂ 3♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


[ LAOS ]
Xieng Khouang : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


Notes

The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at moderate to high elevations (Alt. 1200 - 2200m). Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
Chiba,1995 mentioned danda as conspecific with anura. However, I treat the two as separate species here as in the past.
The markings of the populations from northern Thailand are very variable. This species is characterised by the presence of a white spot in the cell on the UnH. However, individuals lacking this characteristic frequently occur, and the only way to distinguish such individuals from Hasora danda is to examine the male genitalia. I have examined many specimens from Thailand, but have yet to find danda. It is possible that only anura is distributed in Thailand. Further distributional and taxonomic studies, including DNA analysis, are needed.


Literature

Nicéville, L.de,1889 :
On new and little-known Butterflies from the Indian region, with a revision of the genus Plestoneura of Felder and of Authors.
J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 4(3):163-194, pls.A.B.

Chiba, H.,1995 : A revision of the subfamily Coeliadinae of the world (Lepidoptera:Hesperiidae).
PhD Dissertation, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI.

Hsu, Y.F., Tsukiyama, H. & Chiba, H.,2005 : Hasora anura de Niceville from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae) Representing a New Subspecies Endemic to the Island
Zool. Stud. 44(2):200-209.

Chiba, H.,2009 : A revision of the subfamily Coeliadinae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae).
Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist. Ser.A, 7:1-102.


Hasora anura anura ♀ Hasora anura anura ♀
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)
Hasora anura anura ♂
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1999.07.31 - 2023.05.31.

A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.