Cupha erymanthis erymanthis  (Drury, 1773)

Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Un. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♀ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♀ Un.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. ♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Un. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Un.
♂, Satun, Thailand. ♂, Satun, Thailand.
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Un. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Un.
♂, Yala, Thailand. ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Un. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Un.
♂, Vientiane, Laos. ♂, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Un. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Up. Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Un.
♂, Chonburi, Thailand. ♂ (ab), Phetchaburi, Thailand.

ON : Papilio erymanthis Drury, 1773
OD : Ill. nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 1: index, 29, pl.15, figs.3,4(Un).
TL : China.
Distribution : India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Hainan, S.China, Taiwan, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo,
Sumatra, Palawan.
● ssp.erymanthis
ssp.melanodotis
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis map

Synonyms
(--- The taxon marked with an asterisk is cited from other literature and I have not been able to confirm the original description.)

Papilio lotis Sulzer, 1776 : Gesch. Ins. nach linn. Syst :144, pl.16, fig.6. TL. Indien.
Cupha erymanthis palawana Fruhstorfer, 1900 : Stett. ent. Ztg. 60(4):344. TL. Palawan.
Cupha erymanthis nagara Fruhstorfer, 1912 : in Seitz, Grossschmett Erde 9:466. TL. W.Sumatra ; Borneo.
Cupha erymanthis form takamukui Matsumura, 1929 : Insecta Matsumurana 3(2/3):96, pl.4, fig.7,♂. TL. "Formosa; Hori" [Puli, Taiwan]. (IFS)
Cupha erymanthis forma melan Esaki & Nomura, 1930 : Zephyrus 2(1):14, pl.3, figs.3♂, 4♂(Un). TL. "Taipei" [Taipei, Taiwan]. (IFS)
∗ "ab. decolorata Sonan, 1926 : Trans. nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 16:181. TL. Formosa."
∗ "f. sadaichii Umeno, 1936 : Zephyrus 6:223."
Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Fruhstorfer,1906 : 319. (Siam)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Godfrey,1916 : 125.
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Pendlebury,1923 : 35. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Khao Luang)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Godfrey,1927 : 123. (N)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Godfrey,1930 : 266. (all over)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Godfrey,1931 : 194. (Ko Tao)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Godfrey,1932a : 268. (P)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Pinratana,1979 : 8, figs.N10,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chonburi; Kanchanaburi; Nakhon Nayok; Nonthaburi; Petchaburi; Tak; Trang)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 22, pl.5, fig.11,♂ (Chiang Mai; Tak; Nakhon Nayok; Kanchanaburi; Chonburi; Petchaburi; Ranong; Trang)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 254, fig.82,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Naudom)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 24. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing; Nam Tok Tad Ton; Ban Na Lak; Ban Gok Tum)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 49. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Nam Tok Tad Ton; Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Pung)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 69, fig.134,♂. (Umphang: Tha-Sai; Umphang)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 49, fig.101,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; RDPB & DNP,2006-2008 : Butterflies in Hala-Bala Forest, fig.♂. (Narathiwat: Hala Bala) (last update: 2006.12.25 ; accessed: 2024.05.11)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 356, pl.152, figs.N11,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Koh Samui; Kanchanaburi)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Koh Samui; Koh Phangan) (accessed: 2023.05.02)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 384, pl.165, figs.N214,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Koh Samui; Kanchanaburi)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Khon Kaen; Sa Kaeo; Nakhon Ratchasima; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2023.05.02)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 48, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Sarika; Nakohn Nayork; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kratching WF; Kao Khiewo; Mae Sohd; Kwai Yai; Kaeng Krachan; Khlong Naka; Ka Chong; Than To WF.)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 86. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : 30, figs.Abb.L-185-188. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 54, pl.41, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un).(Vang Vieng; Pakse; Vientiane; Luang Prabang; Tha Ngone; Nam Ngum Dam)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 205, pl.47, fig.♂. (Xaignabouri)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 41. (Namdhua)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 44.
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Onodera,2022 : 26, pl.91, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Khammouan: Ban Lao)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs,♂,♂(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Cupha erymanthis ; Onodera,2007 : 28, fig.47♂. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kuhlen)
Cupha erymanthis ; Onodera,2008 : 58. (Mondolkiri: Bousra)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Kosterin,2019 : 97. (Koh Kong)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Kosterin,2020 : 326. (Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 117. (Kep; Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)

[ VIETNAM ]
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Fruhstorfer,1906 : 319. (Tonkin / Annam)
Cupha lotis ; Vitalis,1919 : 226. (Annam)
Cupha dohertyi ; Lemée,1950 : 10. (Sontay)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Godfrey,1919 : 467. (S: Daban)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Metaye,1957 : 93. (N / C / S)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Ikeda et al.,2000 : 24, figs.1:7,♂,8,♂(Un), fig.9:3(♂,genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Cupha erymanthis ; Vu,2003 : 57. (Phu Quoc)
Cupha erymanthis ; Luong et al.,2004 : 5, 57, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Cupha erymanthis ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 40. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 17, fig.N-17,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dong Nai: Madagui; Thac Mai; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Nihira,2009 : 99. (Phu Quoc)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 21, fig.N-17,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 32. (N / C / S)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 40. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Saito et al.,2017 : 81. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Ket)
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):192-193, pl.25, fig.4a♂. (N: Na Hang; Tam Dao; Xuan Lien; Cat Ba; Cuc Phuong / C: Ben En; Pu Mat; Pu Hoat; Huong Son; Vu Quang; Phong Nha-Ke Bang)
Cupha erymanthis lotis ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):192-193. (C: Phong Dien; Bach Ma; Son Thanh; Ba To; Ngoc Linh; Kon Cha Rang; Kon Ka Kinh; Hon Ba; Nui Chua; Cat Loc; Yok Don; Binh Chau; Bu Gia Map; Chu Yang Sin / S: Cat Tien; Lo Go Sa Mat; Phu Quoc)


Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 3♂ (incl. photo).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chiang Rai : 1♂ (photo).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chiang Mai : 12♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Lamphun : 1♂ (photo).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Lampang : 2♂ (photo).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Phrae : 2♂ (photo).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Nan : 4♂ (incl. photo).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chonburi : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chanthaburi : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Trat : 4♂ (incl. photo by E.Ikari).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Phetchaburi : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Ranong : 5♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Surat Thani (Koh Phangan dist.) : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Satun : 7♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Yala : 2♂ (incl. photo).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


[ LAOS ]
Vientiane : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


[ VIETNAM ]
Vinh Phuc : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Lam Dong : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Kien Giang (Phu Quoc) : 3♂ (photo by E.Ikari).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


Notes

The butterfly is common in montane and secondary forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 10 - 1300m). Both sexes visit flowers and males occasionally come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
From the Indo-China area to the Malay Peninsula, the species is highly variable and individual and seasonal variation seems to be more pronounced than geographical variation. There is a tendency for the ground color and markings become darker from north to south, but it is hard to separate them clearly. Thus I follow Tsukada,1985 and treat this as the nominotypical subspecies.


Literature

Drury, D.,[1773] : Illustrations of natural history; wherein are exhibited ...Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects
1:1-130, pl.1-50.

Sulzer, J.H.,1776 : Dr. Sulzers Abgekurzte Geschichte der Insecten nach dem Linaeischen System Gesch. Ins. nach linn. Syst.
(1):1-274, (2):pl.1-32.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1900 : Neue Cupha-Unterarten und Aufzahlung der bekannten Species.
Stett. ent. Ztg. 60(4):343-347.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1912 : 6. Familie: Nymphalidae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
457-488. (18.Mar.1912)

Matsumura, S.,1929 : New butterflies from Japan, Korea and Formosa
Insecta Matsumurana 3(2/3):87-107, pl.4.

Esaki, T. & Nomura, K.,1930 : Some new aberrant forms of the Formosan butterflies.
Zephyrus 2(1):11-14, pl.3.

Tsukada, E.,1985 : Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands. IV Nymphalidae (1).
Plapac Co., Ltd. 558 pp. 158.col.pls. (in Japanese)


Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂
♂, Yala, Thailand. ♂, Yala, Thailand.
Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂ Cupha erymanthis erymanthis ♂
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

2007.10.20 - 2024.05.31.

A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.