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♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. | ♂, Loei, Thailand. | ||
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. | ♂, Nan, Thailand. | ||
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. | ♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. | ||
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♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. | ♀ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
Specimens from transition zone of ssp.nigrobasalis and ssp.jamblichus | |||
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♂, Chiang Mai (Omkoi dist., 2nd gen.), Thailand. | ♂, Chiang Mai (Omkoi dist.), Thailand. | ||
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♂ (2nd gen.), Tak, Thailand. | ♂, Tak, Thailand. | ||
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♂ (2nd gen.), Tak, Thailand. | ♂, Tak, Thailand. |
ON :
Charaxes nigrobasalis Lathy, 1898 OD : Entomologist 31:192-193. TL : Pak-a-jong, Siam. (NHML) Distribution : Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.
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Eriboea eudamippus nigra Lathy, 1926 : Encycl. ent. (B3) Lep.1(1925):97. TL. Le Kong, Laos. (♂, MNHN)
Eriboea eudamippus major Lathy, 1926 : Encycl. ent. (B3) Lep.1(1925):97. TL. Tonkin. (MNHN)
Eriboea eudamippus chota Tytler, 1940 : J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 42:110. TL. Maymyo, Burma. (NHML)
nigrobasalis :
Lectotype ♂, Rh10591[2], Pak-a-jong, Siam. designated by R.L.Smiles,1979. (NHML)
Paralectotype 1♂, Pak-a-jong, Siam. det. R.L.Smiles,1979. (NHML)
nigra : Holotype ♂, end ii. beg.iii.04., Cataracts of Sekong R., Laos. (W.Micholitz) (MNHN)
major : Lectotype ♂, Tonkin. desingated by R.L.Smiles,1982. (MNHN)
chota :
Holotype ♂, Maymyo. 14.Sep..26. designated by R.L.Smiles,1977. (NHML)
Paratypes ; 1♂, Maymyo. designated by R.L.Smiles,1977. (NHML)
1♂, 3.28. Loimwe, S.Shan States. designated by R.L.Smiles,1977. (NHML)
1♂, 4.28. Loimwe, S.Shan States. designated by R.L.Smiles,1977. (NHML)
[ THAILAND ]
Eriboea eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 722. (Muak Lek) (in part)
Eulepis eudamippus nigrobasalis; Godfrey,1916 : 133. (Prae: Me Song forest) (in part)
Eriboea eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Eriboea eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Godfrey,1930 : 301. (Prae: Me Song forest; Muak Lek) (in part)
Polyura eudamippus eudamippus ; Pinratana,1979 : 100, figs.N171a♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Chaiyaphum; Ratchaburi)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Pinratana,1979 : 100, figs.N171b♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Nayok; Nakhon Ratchasima) (in part)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Smiles,1984 : 201. ([Pak-a-jong]; Pak Chong; Hin Lap; [Muok Lek]) (in part)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Hanafusa,1989 : 19, pl.6, figs.5-6,♂, pl.7, figs.1-9,♂, 10-11,♀. (Mukdaharn: Phu Pahn; Mukdaharn; Nikhomkamsoy; Chiang Mai: Chiang Dao; Doi Inthanon; Fang; Nan)
Polyura eudamippus eudamippus ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 99, pl.77, figs.192a♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 99, pl.77, fig.192b♂. (Chaiyaphum; Phisanulok; Nakhon Ratchasima; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 31, fig.83,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huay Sing)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 52. (Mukdahan: Nam Tok Tad Ton)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 50, fig.128,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Polyura eudamippus eudamippus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 490, pl.219, figs.N205a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀. (Chiang Dao; Doi Pha Hom Pok)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 490, pl.219, figs.N205b♂,♂(Un). (Phrae: Wang Chin)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 360, pl.153, figs.N190a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Dao; Doi Pha Hom Pok; Wang Chin; Khao Yai)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Okamoto et.al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chaiyaphum; Ratchaburi; Saraburi; Phetchabun) (accessed: 2021.07.01)
Polyura eudamippus eudamippus ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 135, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Mae Suai)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 135, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo)
[ LAOS ]
Eriboea eudamippus f.nigrobasalis ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1924 : 46. (Laos)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Smiles,1984 : 201. ([Pak Munung]; Xe Kong River; [Muang Baw])
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 62, col.pl.13, fig.♂ ; pl.78, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un). (Phatong; Nam Moh; Vientiane; Luang Prabang; Nam Ngum Dam)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Hanafusa,1989 : 19, pl.6, fig.4,♂. (Luang Prabang)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 208, pl.80, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♀. (Thabok; Oudomxay; Lak Sao; Phong Saly)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 47.
[ CAMBODIA ]
Eriboea eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 722. (Pnom Penh)
Eriboea nigrobasalis ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1919 : 233. (Cambodge)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Smiles,1984 : 201. (Phnom Penh)
[ VIETNAM ]
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Smiles,1984 : 201. ([Ngai-Tio]; [Riviere Noire]; Xom Giong)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 42. (N / C)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):91-92, pl.14, figs.3a♂,3b♂(Un). (N: Van Ban / C: Vu Quang; Phong Nha Ke Bang; Kon Cha Rang; Bai Ai;) (in part)
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Chiang Rai : 1♂ (photo).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Chiang Mai (alt.500 - 2200m) : 12♂ 2♀ (incl.photo).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Nan : 5♂.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Uttaradit : 3♂ (incl.photo).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Loei : 2♂ (incl.photo).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Tak : 4♂.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Phetchabun : 5♂ (incl.photo & photo by T.Aoyama).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Chaiyaphum : 5♂ (photo).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Sa Kaeo : 1♂ (photo by T.Aoyama).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
[ LAOS ]
Bolikhamxai : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Xieng Khouang : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
The butterfly is locally very common in montane forest at low to high elevations (alt.350m - 1800m) and is frequently found on hilltops.
Males are territorial on canopies.
The populations in this region are highly variable, both in terms of individual and seasonal variation.
Pinratana & Eliot,1996, Ek-Amnuay,[2007],2012 and Kimura et al.,2016 regarded the populations from Chiang Mai, N.Thailand as nominotypical subspecies due to very large in size and have bright cell on the UpF.
However the features of markings are clearly different from ssp.eudamippus.
Furthermore these characteristics are only for second generation and is considered seasonal variation.
Other generations in this area are almostly same as ordinary ssp.nigrobasalis.
On the other hand, from western part of Chiang Mai province to Tak,
it seems transition zone with ssp.jamblichus, and intermediate individuals occur frequently.
It is conceivable that populations around Chiang Mai to Laos are affected by ssp.jamblichus.
I treat this as ssp.nigrobasalis provisionally, further taxonomic study with many specimens throughout the year in many locations is needed.
Lathy, P.I.,1898 : A new Species of Charaxes from Siam.
Entomologist 31:192-193.
Lathy, P.I.,1926 : Notes sur les Charaxes de la collection de Madame G. Fournier (1)
Encycl. Ent. (B3) 1:93-97, pl.2-3.
Tytler, H.,1940 : Notes on Some New and Interesting Butterflies chiefly from Burma. Part.2.
J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 42:109-123.
Smiles, R.L.,1982 : The taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Polyura Billberg (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Bull. Brit. Mus. Ent. (Nat. Hist.) 44(3):115-237. London.
Hanafusa, H.,1989 : Notes on Polyura eudamippus (Doubleday).
Futao 3:18-28. (in Japanese)
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. | ♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama) | ♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama) |
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♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. | ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. | ♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
2006.12.09 - 2021.07.31.
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