Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis
(Lathy, 1898)
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♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. |
♂, Loei, Thailand. |
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂, Nan, Thailand. |
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
| Specimens from transition zone of ssp.nigrobasalis and ssp.jamblichus |
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♂, Chiang Mai (Omkoi dist., 2nd gen.), Thailand. |
♂, Chiang Mai (Omkoi dist.), Thailand. |
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♂ (2nd gen.), Tak, Thailand. |
♂, Tak, Thailand. |
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♂ (2nd gen.), Tak, Thailand. |
♂, Tak, Thailand. |
ON :
Charaxes nigrobasalis Lathy, 1898
OD : Entomologist 31: 192-193.
TL : "Pak-a-jong, Siam" [Pak Chong, Saraburi, Thailand] . (NHML)
Distribution : Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.
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● ssp.nigrobasalis |
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● transition zone of jamblichus and nigrobasalis |
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● ssp.jamblichus |
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● ssp.celetis |
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● ssp.giudicii |
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● ssp. |
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Synonyms
Eriboea eudamippus nigra Lathy, 1926 : Encycl. ent. (B3) Lep.1(1925): 97. TL. Le Kong, Laos. (MNHN)
Eriboea eudamippus major Lathy, 1926 : Encycl. ent. (B3) Lep.1(1925): 97. TL. "Tonkin" [N.Vietnam]. (MNHN)
Eriboea eudamippus chota Tytler, 1940 : J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 42: 110. TL. "Maymyo, Burma" [Maymyo, Mandalay Region, Myanmar]. (NHML)
Type Materials Information
nigrobasalis :
Lectotype ♂, Rh10591[2], "Pak-a-jong, Siam" [Pak Chong, Saraburi, Thailand]. designated by R.L.Smiles,1979. (NHML)
Paralectotype 1♂, "Pak-a-jong, Siam" [Pak Chong, Saraburi, Thailand]. det. R.L.Smiles,1979. (NHML)
nigra : Holotype ♂, end ii. beg.iii.04., Cataracts of Sekong R., Laos. (W.Micholitz) (MNHN)
major : Lectotype ♂, Tonkin. desingated by R.L.Smiles,1982. (MNHN)
chota :
Holotype ♂, Maymyo. 14.Sep..26. designated by R.L.Smiles,1977. (NHML)
Paratypes ; 1♂, Maymyo. designated by R.L.Smiles,1977. (NHML)
1♂, 3.28. Loimwe, S.Shan States. designated by R.L.Smiles,1977. (NHML)
1♂, 4.28. Loimwe, S.Shan States. designated by R.L.Smiles,1977. (NHML)
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Eriboea eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 722. (Muak Lek) (in part)
Eulepis eudamippus nigrobasalis; Godfrey,1916 : 133. (Prae: Me Song forest) (in part)
Eriboea eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Eriboea eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Godfrey,1930 : 301. (Prae: Me Song forest; Muak Lek) (in part)
Polyura eudamippus eudamippus ; Pinratana,1979 : 100, figs.N171a♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Chaiyaphum; Ratchaburi)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Pinratana,1979 : 100, figs.N171b♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Nayok; Nakhon Ratchasima) (in part)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Smiles,1984 : 201. ([Pak-a-jong]; Pak Chong; Hin Lap; [Muok Lek]) (in part)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Hanafusa,1989 : 19, pl.6, figs.5-6,♂, pl.7, figs.1-9,♂, 10-11,♀. (Mukdaharn: Phu Pahn; Mukdaharn; Nikhomkamsoy; Chiang Mai: Chiang Dao; Doi Inthanon; Fang; Nan)
Polyura eudamippus eudamippus ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 99, pl.77, figs.192a♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 99, pl.77, fig.192b♂. (Chaiyaphum; Phisanulok; Nakhon Ratchasima; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 31, fig.83,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huay Sing)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 52. (Mukdahan: Nam Tok Tad Ton)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 50, fig.128,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Polyura eudamippus eudamippus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 490, pl.219, figs.N205a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀. (Chiang Dao; Doi Pha Hom Pok)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 490, pl.219, figs.N205b♂,♂(Un). (Phrae: Wang Chin)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 360, pl.153, figs.N190a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Dao; Doi Pha Hom Pok; Wang Chin; Khao Yai)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Phetchabun; Chaiyaphum; Sa Kaeo; Saraburi) (accessed: 2023.05.04)
Polyura eudamippus eudamippus ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 135, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Mae Suai)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 135, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo)
[ LAOS ]
Eriboea eudamippus f. nigrobasalis ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 46. (Laos)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Smiles,1984 : 201. ([Pak Munung]; Xe Kong River; [Muang Baw])
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 62, col.pl.13, fig.♂ ; pl.78, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un). (Phatong; Nam Moh; Vientiane; Luang Prabang; Nam Ngum Dam)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Hanafusa,1989 : 19, pl.6, fig.4,♂. (Luang Prabang)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 208, pl.80, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♀. (Thabok; Oudomxay; Lak Sao; Phong Saly)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 47.
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Onodera,2022 : 51, pl.150, figs.♂,♂(Un), pl.151, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Lak Sao; Houaphan: Phou Pan)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Eriboea eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 722. (Pnom Penh)
Eriboea nigrobasalis ; Vitalis,1919 : 233. (Cambodge)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Smiles,1984 : 201. (Phnom Penh)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 117. (Phnom Penh)
[ VIETNAM ]
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Smiles,1984 : 201. ([Ngai-Tio]; [Riviere Noire]; Xom Giong)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 42. (N / C)
Polyura eudamippus nigrobasalis ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):91-92, pl.14, figs.3a♂,3b♂(Un). (N: Van Ban / C: Vu Quang; Phong Nha Ke Bang; Kon Cha Rang; Bai Ai;) (in part)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Rai : 1♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai : 12♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nan : 5♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Uttaradit : 3♂ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Loei : 2♂ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 4♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 5♂ (incl. photo & photo by T.Aoyama).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 5♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Sa Kaeo : 1♂ (photo by T.Aoyama).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Bolikhamxai : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Xieng Khouang : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is locally very common in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 300 - 1800m).
Males are territorial on canopies at hilltops and frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
The populations in this region are highly variable, both in terms of individual and seasonal variation.
Pinratana & Eliot (1996), Ek-Amnuay ([2007],2012) and Kimura et al. (2016) treated the populations from Chiang Mai, N. Thailand as the nominotypical subspecies due to their very large size and having a bright cell on the UpF.
However, the characteristics of the markings are clearly different from those of ssp.eudamippus.
Furthermore, these characteristics only apply to the second generation and are considered to be seasonal variation.
Other generations in this area are almost the same as ordinary ssp.nigrobasalis.
On the other hand, from the western part of Chiang Mai province to Tak, it seems a transition zone with ssp.jamblichus, and intermediate individuals occur frequently.
It is conceivable that populations around Chiang Mai to Laos are affected by ssp.jamblichus.
I tentatively treat this as ssp.nigrobasalis, further taxonomic study with many specimens throughout the year in many locations is needed.
Literature
Lathy, P.I.,1898 : A new Species of Charaxes from Siam.
Entomologist 31: 192-193.
Lathy, P.I.,1926 : Notes sur les Charaxes de la collection de Madame G. Fournier (1).
Encycl. Ent. (B3) 1: 93-97, pl.2-3.
Tytler, H.,1940 : Notes on Some New and Interesting Butterflies chiefly from Burma. Part.2.
J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 42: 109-123.
Smiles, R.L.,1982 : The taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Polyura Billberg (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).
Bull. Brit. Mus. Ent. (Nat. Hist.) 44(3): 115-237. London.
Hanafusa, H.,1989 : Notes on Polyura eudamippus (Doubleday).
Futao 3: 18-28. (in Japanese)
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| ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ (laying egg), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama) |
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| ♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ (2nd gen.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
